generated: 2024-10-16 21:16:35





Program at a Glance


Wednesday October 16, 2024
12:00 PM - 6:30 PM
1:00 PM - 2:00 PM
2:00 PM - 3:15 PM
3:30 PM - 4:45 PM
5:00 PM - 6:30 PM
Thursday October 17, 2024
7:00 AM - 8:30 AM
8:00 AM - 8:30 AM
8:00 AM - 9:15 AM
8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
9:30 AM - 10:45 AM
11:00 AM - 12:15 PM
12:30 PM - 1:30 PM
2:00 PM - 3:15 PM
3:30 PM - 4:45 PM
5:00 PM - 6:15 PM
6:30 PM - 7:00 PM
Friday October 18, 2024
7:00 AM - 8:30 AM
8:00 AM - 9:15 AM
8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
9:30 AM - 10:45 AM
11:00 AM - 12:15 PM
12:30 PM - 1:30 PM
2:00 PM - 3:15 PM
3:30 PM - 4:45 PM
5:00 PM - 5:30 PM
5:30 PM - 6:30 PM
6:30 PM - 9:00 PM
Saturday October 19, 2024
8:00 AM - 9:15 AM
8:30 AM - 10:00 AM
9:30 AM - 10:45 AM
11:00 AM - 12:15 PM
11:00 AM - 12:30 PM
2:00 PM - 3:15 PM
3:30 PM - 4:45 PM






MSSA24 Program

Registration
Wednesday | 12:00 pm-6:30 pm | Promenade
Executive Council Meeting
Wednesday | 1:00 pm-2:00 pm | Polk
1. Crime and Criminology- Challenges to Reentry for Incarcerated Persons [Regular Paper Session]
Wednesday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Embassy East

Organizer: David C. May, Mississippi State University
Presider: David C. May, Mississippi State University
  • Evaluating The Effectiveness of a Substance Abuse Education Program Among Incarcerated Individuals in Mississippi. .....Chandleigh Barton, Mississippi State University; Catherine Rene` Authement, Mississippi State University; Angela Robertson, Mississippi State University; Stacy Haynes, Mississippi State University; and David C. May, Mississippi State University
  • In this paper, we provide preliminary results from a quasi-experimental design evaluation of the effectiveness of a substance abuse education and prevention program currently being delivered in Mississippi. The preliminary results suggest that, compared to the control group participants, participants receiving the alcohol and substance abuse education programming are not less likely to engage in drug and alcohol use upon their release from incarceration. Explanations for these findings, and implications for policy, training, and research, are discussed.
  • Did Thinking for a Change Really Change My Thinking?. .....Adeline Barrett, Mississippi State University; Catherine Rene` Authement, Mississippi State University; Stacy Haynes, Mississippi State University; and David C. May, Mississippi State University
  • In this paper, we provide preliminary results from a quasi-experimental design evaluation of the effectiveness of a Thinking For a Change program currently being delivered in Mississippi. The preliminary results suggest that, compared to the control group participants and with some exceptions, participants receiving the Thinking for a Change program generally are not less likely to engage in conformist behaviors and thinking patterns upon their release from incarceration. Explanations for these findings, and implications for policy, training, and research, are discussed
  • When I Get Out of Here, I'll Still Be Doing Time: Perceptions of Incarcerated Fathers about Financial Penalties in Criminal Justice. .....Michayla Mack, Mississippi State University; Stacy Haynes, Mississippi State University; Sanna King, Mississippi State University; and David C. May, Mississippi State University
  • In this study, we use interviews from over 25 incarcerated fathers to determine their perceptions of the impact of financial penalties on their likelihood for successful reintegration into the community. Preliminary results suggest that while debt remains a problem for some, others have managed to adapt to the challenges and are optimistic that they will be successful upon release. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
  • The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Unhealthy Behaviors Among Correctional Officers in Mississippi. .....Julie Stepp, Mississippi State University; Stacy Haynes, Mississippi State University; and David C. May, Mississippi State University
  • Each year, over 1 million adults are incarcerated in the United States. Research regarding the correctional staff that supervise these individuals, however, is limited. This study uses survey data collected from 111 staff members at a Mississippi correctional institution, to analyze the impact of how childhood trauma and experiences affect the self-reported health and behaviors of correctional officers in adulthood. The results suggest that respondents who experienced high levels of childhood trauma were (1) not significantly more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors in adulthood, (2) less likely to exercise regularly as adults, and (3) less likely to report having had a childhood with positive experiences. We argue that the lack of relationship between childhood trauma and unhealthy behaviors is most likely due to the nature of the sample, as correctional staff members are more likely to experience strain and stress during adulthood and, therefore, may be more likely to develop coping mechanisms to deal with trauma. Implications for policy and future research are also discussed.
2. Undergraduate Research I [Regular Paper Session]
Wednesday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Embassy West

Presider: Giselle Greenidge, Northwest Missouri State University
  • The Souls of Black Folk: A Comparative Historical Analysis of the Harlem Renaissance and Modern Art Movements. .....Symone Micah Gaskin, Kennesaw State University
  • This Honors Capstone investigates the similarities between the Harlem Renaissance and artistic social movements seen today, using the research to inspire positive social change. For positive change to be substantial, it is imperative to explore historical contexts as a guide. Globally, Black people have been systemically oppressed and denied freedoms that should be considered a human right. Pursuing an equitable future for underrepresented groups motivates my commitment to sociological study. The Harlem Renaissance is merely one example of Black people using artistic and innovative means to empower themselves and seek justice. Through a comparative historical analysis between these two time-periods I seek to elucidate the conditions that are needed now to make artistic social movements as prominent as the Harlem Renaissance was.
  • Exploring Theoretical Explanations for Race, Racism, and Punitive Attitudes toward Crime. .....Colton Rodano, University of Montevallo; and Chris Bounds, University of Montevallo
  • Although scholars have consistently found a relationship between race, racism, and punitive attitudes toward crime, various theorists disagree upon the theoretical processes and mechanisms that are involved.  The authors call for a close examination of several of the leading explanations including that of Chiricos' social threat theory, Unnever's racial animus theory, Bonilla-Silva's colorblind racism theory, and others.  How these various theories explain the role race and racism upon punitiveness is examined with attention given to both similarities, differences, and the possibility of theoretical integration.
  • Historical Context of the Federal Writers Project NC Born in Slavery Narratives. .....Jenna Catherine Humble, University of North Carolina- Pembroke
  • The Federal Writers Project began in the 1930’s, and was among many projects that were funded through the New Deal with the goal of providing income to the unemployed during an economically burdened time in the US. The Born in Slavery Narratives are a collection of photographs and transcribed narratives from formerly enslaved people, organized by state. These narratives may lack necessary historical context, given that censorship may have occurred through self-censorship or at the discretion of the writers and editors. I will be focusing particularly on the North Carolina volume (Vol. 11, Pt. 1) and identifying moments in the narratives where censorship may have occurred, citing historical social and political events that had an impact on the town and community from which the narrative was collected from.
  • The Relationship Between Restrictive Voting Laws, Social and Political Contexts, and Voter Turnout. .....Sania Williams, Fisk University; and Meagan Rainock, Fisk University
  • Voter ID laws, ballot curing, and access to mail-in voting are policies that suppress voter participation. These laws are argued to be a form of racial and political retaliation, and are more common in southern states and in partisan battleground areas of the US. While past research has examined the effect of these laws on individual behavior, fewer studies have controlled for the county and state racial, socioeconomic, and political contexts under which these policies develop, which may also influence voter participation. This study seeks to estimate the effect of such laws on voter turnout controlling for the demographic, socioeconomic, and political context. Using data from over 3,000 counties compiled by the National County Health Rankings database, we find that counties that have fewer ID restrictions on voting report higher rates of voter turnout, after controlling for relevant covariates. We also find that racial demographics, median income, education level, and age demographics are significantly associated with voter turnout at the county-level. We also find that counties in conservative states report less voter turnout, even after controlling for voter suppression policies. We discuss our findings and their implications.
3. Digital Sociology [Regular Paper Session]
Wednesday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | International

Organizer: Rachel E. Davis, Middle Tennessee State University
Presider: Eryn Grucza Viscarra, Georgia College
  • Consumer Trust Under Siege: The Rise and Impact of Fake Reviews in the Digital Marketplace. .....Tina Deshotels, Jacksonville State University; and Craig J. Forsyth, University of Louisiana-Lafayette
  • In the digital age, online reviews have become a crucial component of consumer decision-making processes, significantly influencing purchasing behavior across various sectors. However, the proliferation of fake reviews—deceptive, fabricated, or biased feedback—poses a substantial challenge to both consumers and businesses. This research paper explores the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of fake reviews on online platforms. Using online searches, we describe the variety of mechanisms used to generate fake reviews. We also examine the methodologies employed by platforms to detect and mitigate fake reviews, highlighting the limitations and effectiveness of current approaches. Furthermore, the research investigates the legal and ethical implications surrounding fake reviews, considering their effects on consumer trust and market fairness.
  • Unpacking Family Fun: A Sociological Exploration of Bonding and Making Memories. .....Julie Mikles-Schluterman, Arkansas Tech University
  • Examining the topic of family fun on the social media platform Pinterest, the goal of this paper is to explore family fun from a sociological perspective. The research questions asked include: what activities are considered “family fun?” Why do families emphasize and organize family fun? And what patterns do we see in family fun in relation to income, race and gender?
  • Culture Jamming: A Media Literacy Activity. .....Eryn Grucza Viscarra, Georgia College
  • According to Jean Kilbourne, we are exposed to over 3,000 advertisements each day. However, most people are not critical consumers of the media to which they are exposed. Media literacy is the ability to critically examine various types of media--including advertisements. Media literacy is an important skill for everyone to practice, but especially for younger people who are more likely to consume more media than older adults. In order to teach media literacy to students, I have created an activity that allows students to examine to the messages contained in advertisements through an activity called "culture jamming." In this activity, students choose a recent print or video advertisement. Students are asked to study the messages contained in the ads and what it may teach their audience about various aspects of social life. Students are asked to "talk back" to any messages that are problematic or sociologically inaccurate by creating a new print or video advertisement that exposes the flawed messaging of the original advertisement. Through this activity, students are able to sharpen their media literacy skills as well as creatively address social issues and misconceptions.
4. Socio-political Contexts: Race, Class, Gender and Deviance [Regular Paper Session]
Wednesday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Embassy West

Organizer: Rachel E. Davis, Middle Tennessee State University
Presider: Rachel E. Davis, Middle Tennessee State University
  • She Who Must Not Be Scammed: Transphobes, Trolls, and Tricksters in Online Research. .....Brianna Turgeon, Jacksonville State University; and Sarah Beth Donley, Jacksonville State University
  • Doing research online and using social media to recruit hard-to-reach populations has become more common. However, challenges such as participation under false pretenses and restrictive guidelines of online communities can make access more difficult. Using two case studies, we explore how deviant acts and mechanisms of social control shape the research process. Our first case study focuses on the emerging profession of death doulas. During recruitment, flyers sharing information about the study and advertising a $10 gift card for participation were shared on doulas’ professional organizations’ social media and websites. As interviews began, it became clear that some participants did not meet the criteria for participation and were pretending to be death doulas. The second case study focuses on J.K. Rowling’s transphobic social media posts and fans’ responses. Sharing informational flyers about the study was challenging because many online fan communities forbade posts related to J.K. Rowling. Across these case studies, we examine the deviance associated with studying stigmatized topics like death and cancel culture, the transgression of social boundaries by scammers, and the policing of online communities in virtual spaces, as well as the implications for online research.
  • Racism, Antiracism, and Other Values. .....Peter John Shrock, Southeastern Louisiana University; and John Boulahanis, Southeastern Louisiana University
  • Thinking about racism requires consideration not only of why people support racist inequalities but why people oppose them. Understanding these issues requires scholars to explore how racism relates to other values. Insights from Koonz's book The Nazi Conscience are employed to examine the political careers of David Duke and Donald Trump, two politicians who have worked to expand the boundaries of what racisms enjoy legitimacy in public discourse. The authors conclude that racist ideas exist within webs of values that limit and shape how racism can come to be seen as acceptable in a society.
  • Gender in Emerging Adulthood: Perceptions and Experiences of Masculinity and Femininity in Oklahoma. .....Afra Sayara Rahman, Oklahoma State University; Rebecca Rose Alberty, Oklahoma State University ; and Heather McLaughlin, Oklahoma State University
  • In June 2023, the Oklahoma State Department of Education posted a YouTube video featuring Ryan Walters warning of the “dangerous consequences when common sense is vacated” and promising to protect Oklahoma children from “Leftist social experiments.” In this study, we explore the “common sense” views of Oklahoma college students in the wake of heightened anti-LGBTQ+ backlash. How do these socio-political dynamics influence young adults' understanding of gender? Using in-depth interviews and photo-elicitation techniques with first-year college students, the study aims to answer three key research questions: (1) How do Oklahoma emerging adults experience and perceive gender for themselves? (2) What do they consider appropriate expressions of gender in others? (3) How do they conceptualize masculinity and femininity? The theoretical framework is grounded in West and Zimmerman’s “Doing Gender” theory, Connell’s “Undoing Gender,” and Bem’s Sex-Role Inventory (1974), alongside Hill and Lynch’s Gender Intensification Theory (1983). The preliminary findings reveal that emerging adults’ perceptions of gender are complex and are influenced by both traditional and evolving social norms. Notably, Participants often claimed to hold themselves to stricter gender norms than they do others. They expressed their gender identity through physical means (clothing, makeup, hairstyle) or behaviors (traits they associate with their gender). However, most participants stated they don't mind how others express their gender, as it doesn't personally affect them. They noted that masculinity or femininity only matters if someone is concerned with societal perceptions. This research contributes to the understanding of gender identity development in a conservative context, providing insights that could inform policy-making and educational practices aimed at supporting gender diversity and inclusivity.
  • Black Bisexual Men’s Intersectional Stigma Experiences. .....Opal Gay, Georgia State University; and Angela-Faith Thomas, Georgia State University
  • Despite existing research linking bisexuality to poorer health outcomes compared to gay and straight individuals, scholarship has largely neglected the unique vulnerabilities of Black bisexual men. The purpose of this research is to examine Black bisexual men’s reported stigma experiences with an intersectional framework. We utilize a purposive sampling method to target the engagement of Black bisexual men on a large anonymous social media platform. Our findings suggest that persisting stigmas of Black bisexual men, particularly related to hegemonic masculinity, heterosexism, and white supremacy, are underpinned by a matrix of domination seeking to retain the substatus of Black sexualities. We end our paper with a call for more intersectional models in Black LGBT mental health research. We extend intersectional stigma power as one possible strategy for future scholarship.
5. 50th Commemorative Panel I: Sociology, 50 Years Forward [Panel]
Wednesday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Embassy East

Presider: Shelly McGrath, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Panelists:
  • Tina Deshotels, Jacksonville State University;
  • Vanessa Greenslade, Southern University;
  • Melanie Anne Escue , University of North Carolina at Pembroke;
  • Joel Crombez, Kennesaw State University;
6. Applying to Ph.D. and MA programs - Sponsored by the Committee on Professions [Panel]
Wednesday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | International

Presider: Kailee E.D. Lancaster, University of North Carolina Wilmington
This Q&A Panel, sponsored by the Committee on the Profession, provides a space for undergraduate and master’s level students to learn about the graduate school application process. Emphasis will be placed on sociology programs. Representatives of both master’s programs and Ph.D. programs will serve on the panel. Each panelist will discuss what the application process looks like in their programs before answering a series of frequently asked questions, including questions about funding/assistantships, application materials, and deciding where to apply. Significant time will be dedicated to answering audience questions.

Panelists:
  • Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville;
  • Vicky M. MacLean, Middle Tennessee State University;
  • Lawrence Stacey, Vanderbilt University;
Professional Headshots
Wednesday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Far Promenade
Need a professional headshot? Drop by and have your photo taken. Photos will be delivered via share drive after the conference.
Welcome Reception: 50th Anniversary Kick-Off
Wednesday | 5:00 pm-6:30 pm | Grand Ballroom Central
Join us for special recognition of our past presidents. All registered attendees are invited. A limited number of drink tickets available on a first come basis.
Breakfast
Thursday | 7:00 am-8:30 am | Grand Ballroom East
Available for registered MSSA conference participants.
Sociological Theory Caucus Breakfast - Theory Mini Conference
Thursday | 8:00 am-8:30 am | Grand Ballroom East

Organizer: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Presider: Anthony J. Knowles, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
Join members of the sociological theory caucus for breakfast. Open to registered MSSA conference attendees.
7. Vaxxers, Preppers, and Immunizers: Where is the dis"pair"ity? [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | Embassy East

Organizer: Neil Robert White, University of Louisiana Monroe
Presider: Neil Robert White, University of Louisiana Monroe
  • College students beliefs concerning if "flu shots cause the flu", flu shot behaviors, and perceptions concerning if the state should be preparing people for a flu pandemic.. .....Neil Robert White, University of Louisiana Monroe; and Thomas Michael Kersen, Jackson State University
  • What leads college students to getting or not getting a “Flu Shot”? Research by Su and Chen (2022) indicates that lack of knowledge, necessity, and other “negative” influencers such as the belief that “flu shots cause the flu” have led to a relatively low flu vaccination rated among college students (pre Covid). In this study data concerning students flu vaccinations and concerns about flu vaccinations are contrasted with students perceptions about whether or not flu pandemics are something that the state government should be preparing people for. While the decade long data (Fall 2015-Spring 2024) presented here does not specifically address Covid, the data indicated that Covid had a significant impact on the preparations and perceptions of students concerning flu preparedness. Essentially, students were more likely to get a flu shot and think that flu pandemics are something that the State should be preparing people for during the Covid Pandemic.
  • The Spanish Flu and its Effects on Population Growth: The Aftermath. .....Jessica Lynn Burke, Francis Marion University; Lisa A. Eargle, Francis Marion University; and Ashraf Esmail, Dillard University
  • The Spanish Flu was the most devastating pandemic in modern history and coinciding with World War I made the outbreak even more damaging in terms of not only population loss but how governments handled the pandemic (Little, 2020; Shapiro, 2020). The purpose of this chapter is to examine the origins and influence of the Spanish Flu pandemic. Specifically, this paper aims to address the following goals: (1) Explain the origins of the Spanish Flu, including the mode of transmission; (2) Explore the aftermath of the pandemic on population dynamics, such as fertility, mortality, and immigration trends on a global and national scale; (3) Discuss the response of various world governments to manage the spread of the disease while also enduring World War I; and (4) Examine the aftermath of the Spanish flu, including impacts on health and health care accessibility, and disease management.
  • The Pandemic Did Not Happen: Interpreting COVID-19 Through Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation. .....John McCollum, Alabama A and M University
  • The COVID-19 pandemic was one of the greatest losses of life and upended politics and economics worldwide for millions of people. However, I contend that nothing has changed. What gives? Baudrillard provides a roadmap for understanding large-scale "non-events" through his ideas of "simulacra" and "simulation", many of which were originally put forward in his series of essays, "The Gulf War Did Not Happen". I use this model to add a new understanding to the body of literature on the pandemic and to comment on the state of postmodern "hyperreality" in the age of social media. Namely, our "reality" is incoherent, contradictory, and conceals that there is essentially no politics beneath a confusing array of images curated to our own individual consumer choices.
8. Death, Dying, and Disease Studies [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | Embassy West

Presider: Jason Shawn Ulsperger, Arkansas Tech University
  • “The Youngest in the Room”: Embodied Aberration for Young Adults in Cancer Treatment Spaces. .....Kathryn Norton-Smith, University of Arkansas
  • Young adults with cancer are considered the most underserved cancer population by age, yet little is known about their experiences of illness. This paper fills this gap by examining young adults' (18-39) experiences of cancer treatment, focusing on aberration or out-of-placeness. Drawing from 40 in-depth interviews, the paper applies Rosemarie Garland-Thomson's (2011) concept of "misfit," or the dissonance that arises from an environment that does not sustain the shape and function of the body that enters it. Findings reveal that treatment centers designed for the "majority bodies" of older, often male, patients create misfit for young adults in both physical space and medical practice, resulting in a loss of agency for young adult bodies. I conclude with an in-depth discussion of one particularly salient consequence of this misfit: loss of reproductive autonomy. The study highlights how treatment environments fail to sustain young adult bodies' needs, creating experiences of aberration.
  • Addressing Health Equity in Marginalized Populations in Life Course Perspective: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions for Research and Action. .....Nancy Kelley, University of South Alabama; Hosik Min, University of Texas - Tyler; Ashley Williams, University of South Alabama; and Roma Hanks, University of South Alabama
  • Health inequalities are one of the critical health issues in the U.S., as marginalized minority populations have experienced disproportionate burdens of illness, access to care, and poor health outcomes resulting in lower life expectancies, increased morbidity, and higher mortality rates compared to the majority population. This paper explores the dynamic convergence of intersectionality and social determinants of health that contribute to health disparities over the life course. Health disparities come from not just individual unhealthy behaviors, but social, economic, and structural factors. Populations that have been marginalized in the U.S. also face worse health outcomes compared to their counterparts. Socio-cultural identities, such as race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic location intersect with each other and compound with social determinants of health. Addressing intersectionality and social determinants of health, promoting health equity, and fostering culturally competent care are crucial to reduce health disparities in the U.S. In this paper, we review four areas where disparities have been documented: (1) life expectancy and mortality, (2) mental health, (3) violence, and (4) healthcare access. Further, we propose directions for research and action in the current evolving landscape around diversity, equity, and inclusion.
  • “Death Bouncers” and “Spiritual Guides”: How End-of-Life Doulas Provide, Frame, and Navigate Spirituality and Spiritual Care. .....Sarah Beth Donley, Jacksonville State University ; and Casey Fannin, Jacksonville State University
  • The medicalization of death has left gaps in the spiritual and psychosocial well-being of the dying. Factors like professional and caregiver burnout, lack of training, overburdened caseloads and rigid schedules, and other organizational constraints lead to holistic, humane care falling through the cracks. Consequently, the dying and their families are opting to rely on individuals who can bridge these gaps—end-of-life (EOL) doulas. EOL doulas employ a variety of non-medical practices from touch therapies to legacy projects to religious rites that provide support covering the emotional, spiritual, and practical aspects of dying. Utilizing qualitative interviews with 23 EOL doulas located and working in the United States, this research offers insights into doulas’ provisions of spiritual care, how death doulas’ understanding of the death transition inform spiritual care provisions, as well as how death doulas navigate differences in spiritual and religious belief systems between themselves and their clients. The study emphasizes the critical role of EOL doulas in bridging gaps in end-of-life care, providing personalized, compassionate support sometimes missing in institutional settings.
9. Potpourri: Immigration, Environment, Drug Use [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | Forum West

Presider: Erin L Rider, Nevada State University
  • Environmental Volunteering as a Gateway to Environmental Justice Frameworks? An exploratory case study of volunteer water monitors in Coastal Carolina. .....Matthew Jerome Schneider, University of North Carolina Wilmington
  • What motivates people to become involved in environmental volunteering and activism? How do environmental volunteers and activists understand (or misunderstand) the environmental problems to which they are responding? This study considers the case of volunteer water monitors working with a riverkeeper organization in Southeast North Carolina and Northeast South Carolina. This case study, which includes interviews with 10 volunteer water monitors, supports existing findings that volunteers resisted activist self-identities, even as they conducted work that guards against forms of environmental degradation disproportionately harming rural, low-income, minority communities at risk. In this study, it was common for volunteers to frame their work in conservationist or preservationist terms. Generally, volunteers became involved with their local waterkeeper organization not because of a strong attachment to environmental justice values, but because it was a form of civic life available to them. However, this study also suggests that sustained participation in environmental volunteering may represent an opportunity to introduce a receptive audience to environmental justice causes, values, and frameworks.
  • Faith-Based Organizations’ Navigation of External and Internal Regulations and Resources in Providing Humanitarian Resettlement Opportunities to Refugees. .....Erin L Rider, Nevada State University
  • Research on Voluntary Resettlement Agencies (VOLAGs), particularly Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) is of critical importance to understanding the refugee resettlement process in the U.S., but this research tends to be sparse. This research tends to focus on specific FBO’s experiences providing services to refugees and/or the interplay between the role of religiosity of the organization and provision of secular services. VOLAGs play an essential role in the reception and self-sufficiency process for the U.S. citizenship process of refugees. However little research has explored the multifaceted positionality of FBOs in this process. This research focuses specifically on Catholic Charities, deemed the leading VOLAG in hosting refugee resettlement, and their unique position within external oversight from both state refugee agencies and the U.S. Conference on Catholic Bishops (USCCB), the internal dynamics of individual Catholic Charities in developing refugee resettlement programming, and the day-to-day operations of serving refugees in gaining self-sufficiency and improved quality of life. This qualitative study is research in progress.
  • Correlates of Psilocybin Use Among Emerging Adults in the United States. .....Lauren Norman, University of North Carolina Pembroke
10. Arts In Movement: Courageous 8 [Panel]
Thursday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | Forum East

Organizer: Jessica Barker, Alabama Association for the Arts, Inc
Presider: Jessica Barker, Alabama Association for the Arts, Inc
An arts exhibition and speaker series centered on the intersectionality of history, civics, art, and culture to include the examination of various art forms and their impacts on the movement for civil rights and social justice. Through partnership, AL Association for the Arts, National Education and Empowerment Coalition, and Friends of Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trails will manage the Southern Tour of the traveling exhibition based on Selma’s voting rights activists, known by historians as the “Courageous Eight.” These famous "Eight" were Rev. F.D. Reese, Ulysses Blackmon, Amelia Boynton-Robinson, Ernest Doyle, Marie Foster, James Gildersleeve, Rev. J.D. Hunter and Rev. Henry Shannon. These unsung heroes didn’t get the same notoriety or name recognition as other historic figures, but they were instrumental in the fight for equal rights for African-Americans. Their stories of sacrifices and efforts during the Civil Rights Movement are now preserved in an artistic traveling exhibit that bears its name. Accompanying the charcoal art exhibit, panelists will speak to the lives of these figures and how they powered the movement to cross the bridge, sparking the Bloody Sunday massacre, in efforts to champion for and successfully advance the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Panelists:
  • Keith Parker, National Education and Empowerment Coalition, Inc.;
  • Althestien Johnson, Friends of the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trails;
Quiet Room
Thursday | 8:00 am-5:00 pm | Johnson
This room is open as a quiet space to work on projects or step away from the noise of the conference.
Registration
Thursday | 8:00 am-5:00 pm | Promenade
11. Politics, Social Movements, and Social Change [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Embassy East

Organizer: Ruth Chananie, University of Tampa
Presider: Ruth Chananie, University of Tampa
  • From Civil Rights to Armed Resistance to Community Empowerment: The Rise and Fall of the Black Panther Party. .....Andrew Wayne Austin, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay
  • This essay explores the transformative journey of the Black Panther Party (BPP) during the 1960s and 1970s, navigating the tumultuous landscape of racial tension and social upheaval in the United States. Initially responding to the constraints of the Civil Rights Movement, the BPP evolved into a symbol of resistance against racial oppression, challenging the status quo through direct action and community empowerment. The essay examines the ideological roots of the BPP, examining its shift from a focus on civil rights to broader demands for social equality and justice. Additionally, it explores the party’s embrace of Black Power, the influence of global revolutionary movements, and the challenges posed by state repression. Tracing the trajectory from armed resistance to community programs, the narrative illuminates the complexities, achievements, and ultimate decline of the Black Panther Party, highlighting its enduring impact on the fight against systemic injustice. I briefly touch upon subsequent developments of Black Power, namely MOVE and Black Lives Matter.
  • Child of Courage: The Life and Legacy of Ruby Bridges. .....Keith Parker, National Education and Empowerment Coalition, Inc.
  • Ruby Bridges (born September 8, 1954, Tylertown, Mississippi) is an American activist who became a symbol of the modern civil rights movement when she, at age six, enrolled in William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. On her first day of school, 14 November 1960, she was escorted to school by four federal marshals. She spent the entire day in the principal’s office as angry white parents marched into the school to remove their children. On her second day of school, a young teacher from Boston (MA), Barbara Henry, began to teach her. The two worked together in an otherwise vacant classroom for an entire year. This paper explores and illuminates how Ruby Bridges went from being a thoughtful little girl growing up in Mississippi, to desegregating William Frantz Elementary, and to a national leader in the fight for equality.
  • Liberty House. .....Thomas Michael Kersen, Jackson State University
  • In the fall of 1965, Jesse Morris, Doris Derby and other members of the Poor Peoples Campaign formed the Liberty House. Over the years, they trained hundreds of poor African Americans in different communities across Mississippi in crafts that were collected and sold to Liberty Houses across the nation. Each Liberty House was a store that sold items from Mississippi Cooperatives plus items made from each store location. The Mississippi cooperatives, were small and often led by women. Often, the cooperative members were worked either as domestics in white homes, chopping cotton, and other low-paying, difficult jobs. At its height in 1967-1968, the co-operatives were producing thousands of products for sale in upscale markets such as Bleeker Street in New York City. The objects made were clothes, leatherworks, dolls, candles, wood crafts, and many other things.
12. Navigating the Dynamic Landscape of Social Interaction in the Digital Age [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Embassy West

Organizer: Monica Bixby Radu, Southeast Missouri State University
Presider: Rachel E. Davis, Middle Tennessee State University
  • Digital Sovereignty, Material Atrocities: Social Media Corporations as State Criminal Actors. .....Rachel E. Davis, Middle Tennessee State University
  • As a result of the Californian Ideology (also known as the Silicon Doctrine), or the widespread belief that social media corporations are inherently forces for positive social change, social media corporations have historically operated transnationally as digital sovereign states, largely developing and implementing independent governance strategies and internal regulations. The broad resurgence of right-wing extremism across the globe over the past ten years has led to an international reevaluation of the Californian Ideology as government leaders, policymakers, and average citizens interrogate the negative consequences of social media’s growing economic, cultural, and political power and influence. The failure of the Californian Ideology is further evidenced by the facilitation of atrocities such as genocide and human trafficking by social media corporations, particularly Meta, the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. It is critical that criminologists turn their attention to the myriad harms caused by social media corporations, and technology corporations more broadly, rather than leaving this area of study to scholars of computer science, communication, and public policy.
  • Webkinz & the Genesis of Digital Selfhood. .....Jennifer Nicholas, Georgia Tech
  • Webkinz World dominated children’s MMOGs during the boom in child MMOG’s throughout the late 2000s and early 2010s. Ganz, the maker of Webkinz, successfully negotiated online monetization and skepticism of children’s engagement in virtual worlds by bundling access to the site with purchasing a physical stuffed animal. The multiple opportunities for play, embodied and online, these toys presented seamlessly blended in-person and digital meaning-making and socialization for many children. The porousness of playing with Webkinz as both a solo and socially networked activity introduced children to cultivating digital selves at critical junctures in their overall identity development. This legacy of introducing generations to digital selfhood was evidenced through the resurgence of Webkinz via social media trends during the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing, high connectivity of millennials and Gen Z. Further, the sustainability of Webkinz’s monetization model blending physical retail sales with online access is seen in its endurance long after competitors from the 2005-8 boom disappeared.
  • The Family in the Age of AI-Chat bots: Implications for Policy. .....Julietta Raymond, Southern Univerity and A&M College
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are making their impact in this world in leaps and bounds to the extent that some experts in the field are calling for a slow-down in those systems, given their heightened ability to overpower human intelligence and understanding. AI has been refined to the extent that people are developing intimate relations and even marrying their AI-Chat bots. This relatively new development has implications for the family and the development of friendships in general. Although the benefits of AI technologies' have been plausibly documented, it is not without serious risks. Those risks are said to have the potential to negatively affect individuals, groups, organizations, communities, society, the environment, and the planet in major ways. To date, very little is known about the risks emanating from human-Chat bot intimacy on family life and stability. This study is located within the tenets of sociological and family systems theories to help elucidate the extent to which AI-Chat bots relationships impact family life and stability. This research is a timely one given the growing interest in intimate relations with AI Chat bots globally. A systematic qualitative review found that intimacy between humans and AI-Chat bots has an impact on family life and stability. The results of this study have implications for policy development and implementation. Keywords: artificial intelligence; family stability, Chat bot Intimacy, loneliness
13. Critical Sociology and the Politics of Fear - Theory Mini-Conference [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Forum West

Organizer: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Presider: Joel Crombez, Kennesaw State University
  • An Explicit Sociology of Fear and Anxiety. .....Joel Crombez, Kennesaw State University; and Chasidy Harris, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
  • A key feature of sociological theories, from the classical to the contemporary, is an engagement with those facets of human experience that cause psychological unease. Where it differs from psychiatric approaches is that this unease is not rooted to inner mechanisms, be they biological or purely mental, but instead they trace the external causes arising from the modern artifice we call society. While much mainstream sociology pays mere lip serve to Mills’ call that we cultivate a sociological imagination that links the public to the private, the historical to the biographical, the psychological to the social, the implicit motivation behind much research remains a preoccupation with the phenomena that provoke our anxieties and fears. However, by leaving it unnamed and unaddressed, the weight of sociological analyses often falls flat. In this paper, we delineate the clear boundaries between these affects and present a case for why making their presence explicit in our research enriches the sociological practice with a missing element: the affective drive of modern subjects in a world that is totalizing our experiences away from this key difference between the human and machinic world of advanced modern societies.
  • Whiteness in Control: Power Mechanisms in U.S. Refugee Policy Through the Lens of Foucault and Critical Race Theory. .....Sarah Castillo, University of Tennessee
  • This paper examines the mechanisms of power that perpetuate whiteness within U.S. refugee policy, analyzing the role of the general public through the theoretical frameworks of Michel Foucault and Critical Race Theory (CRT). By integrating Foucault's concepts of biopower, disciplinary power, and power-knowledge, the study explores how these forms of power are mobilized to reinforce racial hierarchies and sustain systemic racism in immigration practices. The analysis highlights the intersection of public perception and policy enforcement, revealing how racialized power dynamics are embedded in the structures governing refugee admissions. Ultimately, this paper argues that the maintenance of whiteness in refugee policy is not merely a product of overt discrimination but is sustained through subtler, yet pervasive, mechanisms of power that shape both public attitudes and institutional practices.
  • Cur Country: The Role of the "Dangerous Dog" in American Society. .....Jeremy Smith, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
  • Dogs are a fundamental component of American society, and their role as functionaries of society extends far beyond their social status as pets or working dogs. American society uses dogs as a wellspring through which flows the power imbalances that perpetuate many of society’s inequalities. These power imbalances also facilitate the creation of moral panics that are used for targeting and marginalizing vulnerable populations. This paper focuses on how American society uses this wellspring to transform dogs, specifically the pit bull, into folk devils that threaten society’s very existence. What makes the pit bull the invaluable folk devil is that the dog’s image is malleable enough so that it may be shaped into whatever form society needs (e.g., guardian, companion, or weapon). Labels such as “dangerous dog” become a means by which society strips the pit bull, as well as those human populations associated with the breed, of any social value thereby placing both groups outside the protection of society.
14. Teaching Sociology and Criminology [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | International

Organizer: Matthew West, Lawson State Community College
Presider: Matthew West, Lawson State Community College
  • Engaging Students in Criminology: Qualitative Results from a Photographic Assignment. .....Brett Lehman, Auburn University at Montgomery; and Amanda Heitkamp, Troy University
  • Best practices in undergraduate teaching indicate the value of providing an active role for students. Documented methods of doing so in Criminology courses include undergraduate research, service learning, field trips, analysis of case studies, classroom and social media presentations, and so on. To our knowledge, the use of visual sociology (such as a photographic assignment) has not appeared in any scholarship of teaching and learning focused on the subject of Criminology. Our assignment instructed students to photograph an authentic picture representing crime prevention and/or fear of crime. Then they wrote a 1-page paper regarding 1) background information on where they took the picture, 2) what they found interesting about the picture based on the semester’s course material, and 3) how the picture is an example of crime prevention or fear of crime. We will present results on content analysis of 69 pictures and qualitative analysis of text from 69 papers submitted by students. These are from three separate semesters (one Introduction to Sociology and two Criminology courses). We will focus on themes regarding the types of images submitted, sociological learning reported by students, and latent themes that can inform future pedagogy.
  • Integrating Sociology and Philosophy in Justice Studies. .....Justin Smith, Western Kentucky University
  • Criminal justice and criminology majors continue to compose a substantial percentage of sociology undergraduate students; however, the criminal justice field appears to be disconnecting from its sociological (and philosophical) roots (American Sociological Association 2010). This presentation intends to examine innovative pedagogical strategies that engage undergraduate student with sociological and philosophical theories of justice. It will address the 1) use of an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the philosophies of justice with sociological theory and evidence on criminal and social justice, 2) facilitation of classroom discussion around the varying definitions of justice, and 3) assessment of student learning and feedback. It is organized around sociological issues of crime and justice and demonstrates teaching strategies to incorporate a broad view of justice by connecting philosophical perspectives.
  • Grad School Glow-Up: Success Strategies of the SS-6690 Seminar Course. .....Jolene Vincent, Troy University
  • The transition to graduate school can be challenging for many students, particularly in a fully online, multidisciplinary program like the Master of Social Science. This presentation provides an overview of SS-6690: Seminar in Social Sciences, the foundational course designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge necessary for success in graduate studies and future careers. As the initial course in the program, SS-6690 plays a critical role in orienting students to the demands of graduate education while allowing them to explore key concepts within their chosen concentration. The course hones critical thinking and problem-solving skills, helps students overcome personal challenges, capitalize on strengths, and master essential social science inquiry—all while preparing for the job market. Through a blend of teaching tools, discussions, and hands-on assignments, students receive personalized feedback from both the professor and peers, fostering a supportive, collaborative environment. Using innovative instructional methods and modern tools, students gain confidence and competence in navigating the complexities of graduate school and beyond. This presentation will highlight the course's pivotal role in the program and provide an overview of key assignments that have proven effective in preparing students for the remainder of their graduate education.
  • What’s Wrong With Gen-Z?!? Exploring Claims About Generational Differences Using The General Social Survey in Statistics Courses. .....Andrew James Tatch, Troy University; Noelle Kemper, Troy University; and Thomas Pohlmeier, Troy University
  • Within the field of sociology, students often perceive statistics as one of the more intimidating courses and one that generates any number of negative feelings. Concepts can be challenging to teach, and students often similarly struggle to grasp material without focused and repeated application. Aiming to alleviate negative perceptions of statistics and aid students in their efforts to learn and appreciate statistics, we present a unique assignment conducted in an undergraduate social science statistics course, focused on exploring generational differences between the silent generation, baby boomers, generation x, millennials, and gen-z. This cumulative assignment used longitudinal data from the publicly available General Social Survey, requiring students to draw upon material from throughout the course. With this assignment, students were able to apply knowledge directly related to learning objectives, such as navigating dataset codebooks, performing recodes, transparency and replicability using SPSS syntax, running analyses, and basic data visualization. Further, as an exercise in public sociology, the final output from the project can be used for educational purposes on campus to inform students on generational differences across a range of items of interest to students. In this presentation, we discuss the ease and utility of its incorporation into undergraduate statistics courses.
15. Crime and Criminology- White Collar Crime and Ethical Use of Private Data [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Embassy East

Organizer: David C. May, Mississippi State University
Presider: David C. May, Mississippi State University
  • The Promise and Peril of Using Surveillance Economy Data for Public Research. .....Barton Moffatt, Mississippi State University; Emma Biddles, Mississippi State University; David C. May, Mississippi State University; and Mike Potter, Mississippi State University
  • The emergence of the surveillance economy has brought about the collection of massive data sets that both public and private organizations use for a variety of purposes, including marketing, forecasting, and advertising, among others (Zuboff & Schwandt 2019). If used properly, these data have the potential to improve our knowledge of human behavior, promote human welfare, and make public and private organizations more effective. The ethical suitability of research that utilizes publicly available information such as surveillance economy location data is of particular interest. Commercial data brokers currently collect and sell vast sets of targeted data (often collected by public entities) that link people to places and sometimes these data end up in the hands of bad actors. Should these sources of data be fair game for health and social science researchers? In this paper, we consider some of the ethical issues at play when considering using both commercially and public-collected data for research purposes.
  • Understanding Why People Act Ethically in Using Public Data. .....David C. May, Mississippi State University; Emma Biddles, Mississippi State University; Mike Potter, Mississippi State University; Barton Moffatt, Mississippi State University; Clay Hardwick, Mississippi State University; and Timothy McClure, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • In this paper, we use survey responses from approximately 400 undergraduate students to a series of scenarios where they have access to private data about individuals but have the ability to use those data in ways that might benefit themselves or others. Using theoretical perspectives from criminology, public policy, and philosophy, we examine the motivations that distinguish between those students who would use these data unethically (and sometimes in a criminal manner). Implications for policy and future research are also discussed.
  • Community Structure and White-Collar Crimes: Testing Social Disorganization Theory. .....David Oluwashina Ademule, Mississippi State University
  • Although social disorganization theory was originally developed in the 1920s to explain juvenile delinquency, scholars have extended it to other forms of crime, making it one of the most widely cited theories of crime. However, previous research has failed to examine whether social disorganization theory can adequately predict white-collar crime, creating limited knowledge on the extent to which community-level characteristics may account for its prevalence. Thus, this study furthers extant literature by examining the link between indicators of social disorganization and four white-collar crimes (fraud, bribery, forgery, and embezzlement). Combining data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the American Community Survey (ACS) for 3,144 counties across the United States, results show that (1) indicators of social disorganization are positively related to county-level counts of bribery, forgery, and embezzlement (but not fraud) and (2) poverty, which is one of the key indicators of social disorganization, surprisingly demonstrates an inverse relationship with all four white-collar crimes.
16. Environment and Society [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Embassy West

Organizer: Angela Mertig, Middle Tennessee State University
Presider: Angela Mertig, Middle Tennessee State University
  • Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation and Health Inequalities in North Carolina Rural-Urban Neighborhoods. .....Melanie Anne Escue , University of North Carolina at Pembroke; Kai Anderson, University of North Carolina-Pembroke; Kristen Stowell, University of North Carolina-Pembroke; J. Porter Lillis, University of North Carolina-Pembroke; and Shaohu Zhang, University of North Carolina-Pembroke
  • Prior studies reveal the profound impact of neighborhood contextual factors on residents’ health and well-being. However, few studies have examined health outcomes at the intersection of race/ethnicity and place. The current study examines the role of racial/ethnic residential segregation and rurality on the health of NC residents. Specifically, we focus our multivariate analysis on two geographically distinct areas in North Carolina – Durham County and Robeson County. Census data from 2017 – 2021 reveal disparities in key determinants of health between these counties, with residents living in Robeson County – a rural area – having dramatically lower educational attainment and much higher rates of poverty than Durham County – a largely urban area. Robeson County provides a unique rural setting that offers important insight into the predictors of health of residents living in the poorest county in NC. Our findings offer directions for future health research at the intersection of racial/ethnic segregation and rural studies.
  • Resource Exploitation, Pollution, and Quality of Life in Developing Nations.. .....Jessica Lynn Burke, Francis Marion University; Lisa A. Eargle, Francis Marion University; and Ashraf Esmail, Dillard University
  • Many factors impact a person’s quality of life. These factors include environmental aspects, such as exploitation and pollution, economic systems, such as housing availability and the labor market, and sociocultural aspects, such as interpersonal relationships, attitudes, values, and belief systems (Kagan, 2022). While much has been written on these issues and quality of life, this paper provides a comprehensive investigation on exploitation, including: Mining, wildlife and plant extinction, agricultural impacts, labor, and monocrops/GMOs. Pollution, such as poor air, soil, and water quality, is also thoroughly explored to determine how one’s environment affects physical, mental, and social well-being, specifically, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, disability, toxic exposures and poisoning, malnutrition, and hunger (White and Heckenberg, 2014). This paper contributes to this research area by drawing on social psychological processes to help provide a framework that illustrates how the environment impacts the quality of life. We use an identity perspective and Place-Identity Theory, which highlights the impact one’s environment has on the development of the self and identity (Hauge, 2007). Moreover, we illustrate the pervasiveness of these relationships utilizing case studies from the US and globally. Finally, we explore how environmental violate human rights and provide solutions that can improve well-being.
17. Navigating Tenure and Promotion in Academia [Roundtable]
Thursday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | International

Organizer: Giselle Greenidge, Northwest Missouri State University
This roundtable is designed to provide faculty, specifically Assistant Professors and Associate Professors strategies and tips for navigating promotion from Assistant to Associate Professor, and from Associate to Professor. Attendees will also learn about the tenure process and how to negotiate benefits including salary. This session may be beneficial to Black scholars.
Discussants:
  • Giselle Greenidge, Northwest Missouri State University
  • Melencia Johnson, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • Erin L Rider, Nevada State University
18. Gender and Sexualities Roundtable [Roundtable]
Thursday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Polk

Presider: Natalie Blanton, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
  • Biphobia within in the Queer Community.. .....Matine Haizlp, Middle Tennessee State University
  • This study aims to investigate the impacts that biphobia has on bisexual people within the queer community. People who identify as bisexual can have sexual and romantic attraction to people of more than one gender and not always in the same way and to the same degree. Biphobia is the idea that monosexuality is superior and true. Therefore, it creates a belief that being bisexual is deviant, which results in violence against bisexual people. It is hypothesized that bisexual people often feel alienated from the queer community because they often walk a line of heterosexual and homosexual identities. It is also hypothesized that bisexual people often feel ostracized from their own community, leading to emotional strain and coping mechanisms. This study looks to conduct 10-15 qualitative interviews to help gather comprehensive data on the thoughts, attitudes, and experiences of bisexual women and men on gender-based differences of the impact of biphobia, as well as their similarities. These findings could offer valuable insights on the effects of biphobia within the queer community, fostering greater awareness and reducing biphopbia.
  • Disability, Sex Education & The Denial of Pleasure. .....Mikael Emmett Nelson, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; and Natalie Blanton, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
  • Pleasure has not been considered in care for disabled people (Alexander and Gomez 2017). Medical and government entities have historically assumed a paternalistic role in regulation of the bodies of disabled people. This can be demonstrated in how medical models center physiological needs over others like love and belonging, self-esteem, or self-actualization. Pleasure, in particular, has been a taboo for disabled individuals. Pleasure (sexual and nonsexual) is policed for disabled individuals and shows up in how they inhabit public space. Previously I conducted research to understand attitudes and perceptions of disabled sexuality within United States sexuality education. This involved a qualitative analysis of nine states to see how their sex education curriculums addressed disability. Overall, I found an erasure of disability and concluded that a curriculum needs to be based upon a new disability and pleasure centered framework. In order to create that curriculum, I am interested in further investigating the body politics of denying disabled people access to pleasure.
  • Abortion Policy and Bodily Autonomy in State Legislation. .....Kelsey Johnson, Middle Tennessee State University
  • In recent years, elected officials in state legislatures across the U.S. have brought abortion access, the limiting thereof, or outright criminalization of those who elect to have an abortion to the forefront of policy-making, as abortion has become increasingly politicized. Since the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization Supreme Court decision overturned the precedent in Roe v. Wade, state legislatures now have the ability to limit abortion access before the point of viability. I am performing a qualitative content analysis of specific legislation within each state to understand the status of abortion throughout the nation and the specific ways that legislatures are attacking or protecting abortion, and the role these policies play on the policing of women’s bodies nationwide. While this is a work in-progress, my preliminary findings include anti-abortion legislation focusing on the life of the fetus and the potential dangers to the pregnant person obtaining an abortion, while the language in pro-abortion legislation focuses on individual rights and liberties.
19. Building on Du Bois’ Sociological Approach to Address Health Disparities at the Neighborhood Level [Panel]
Thursday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Forum East

Organizer: Nancy Seay, Simmons College of Kentucky
Presider: Nancy Seay, Simmons College of Kentucky
W.E.B. DuBois’ seminal neighborhood study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, challenged the prevailing narrative identifying race as the cause of health disparities. DuBois resisted this false narrative by employing meticulous methodology to demonstrate how multilevel environmental factors surrounding the Black residents of Philadelphia’s Seventh Ward, rather than inward and genetically acquired characteristics, determined health differences between Black and White Philadelphians. We reflect on DuBois’ neighborhood research as we also resist prevailing narratives connecting social and individual characteristics to the health outcomes in neighborhood contexts. Inspired by the concept of the Universal Basic Income, we introduce the Universal Basic Neighborhood (UBN) to suggest that instead of diagnosing and treating individuals (only) that we need to diagnose and write prescriptions for whole communities to decrease health disparities swiftly and significantly. Our panel will discuss the UBN concept and associated fieldwork comparing our community-based participatory action research and resource-based approach, to methodological approaches used early on by DuBois.

Panelists:
  • Nancy Seay, Simmons College of Kentucky;
  • Jecorey Arthur, Simmons College of Kentucky;
  • Joel Goza, Simmons College of Kentucky;
  • Camara Douglas, Simmons College of Kentucky;
  • Patricia Reeves, University of Louisville;
Discussant:
  • Michael Emerson, Rice University;
Professional Headshots
Thursday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Far Promenade
Need a professional headshot? Drop by and have your photo taken. Photos will be delivered via share drive after the conference.
20. Education as Empowerment: How can we support immigrant students? [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 12:30 pm-1:30 pm | International

Organizer: Phattra Marbang, University of Georgia
Presider: Sarah Castillo, University of Tennessee
  • Education as Empowerment: Supporting Immigrant Students in a Hispanic-Serving Institution. .....Angela Vergara, University of Central Florida
  • Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) play a crucial role in fostering Hispanic/Latinx education. However, the challenges faced by immigrant students, including those who are undocumented, under-documented, or international often fall short of addressing their unique needs. These challenges are not limited to language development and acquisition but extend to the availability of bilingual curricula, the complexities of academic socialization, and the economic and legal barriers that these students face. Many immigrant students arrive with limited English proficiency, yet they are expected to meet the same academic standards as native speakers and students struggle to grasp complex concepts in a language they are still learning. The process of academic socialization, where students learn to navigate the norms, values, and expectations of academic life, is particularly challenging for immigrant students. They must not only adjust to a new educational system but also to a new cultural environment. Immigrant students face significant economic challenges, including limited access to financial aid and scholarships. Those who are undocumented or under-documented also grapple with legal barriers that can restrict their access to higher education and professional opportunities. Education has the power to transform lives, particularly for immigrant students who view it as a pathway to a better future. However, for education to serve as a true tool of empowerment, institutions must actively work to remove these barriers.
  • Difficulties faced by female international students with dependent children. .....Farah Tasneem, University of Georgia
  • This project intends to explore the problems experienced by female international students with dependent children studying at the University of Georgia (UGA) in the United States. By analyzing their experiences, the study intends to contribute to the current body of knowledge on this underrepresented demographic group and propose opportunities for institutional support and legislative reform. A semi-structured survey was done using Qualtrics, targeting international female students at UGA who are also mothers to dependent children. The Qualtrics survey link was sent to female international students via their UGA email, and 20 answers were recorded. The findings highlighted considerable problems experienced by female international students with dependent children at UGA. Financial constraints surfaced as a significant issue, limiting their capacity to provide adequate daycare, nutritional food, healthcare, and access to recreational activities. Balancing academic endeavors with caring responsibilities constituted a substantial difficulty, compounded by the lack of institutional support and acceptable childcare facilities on campus. The dual role of mother and student further complicated their academic and personal lives, stressing the need for specific support services and legal reforms. Participants indicated the need for additional financial support, childcare help, paid leave alternatives, inexpensive healthcare, recreational activities, and the establishment of support groups to address their special needs. Female international students with dependent children face complicated and multidimensional issues that require urgent attention from higher education institutions and authorities. The study underlines the crucial need for institutional assistance and legislative changes to satisfy the financial, childcare, healthcare, and academic demands of female international students. By focusing on student-parent success through individualized resources and services, institutions may create a more inclusive and supportive learning environment.
  • Regulating and Disciplining International Students’ Bodies: The Mechanics of “Othering” in the United States. .....Phattra Marbang, University of Georgia
  • This qualitative research project utilizes interviews with seventeen international students from fifteen countries about their experiences of the processes that the U.S. government requires from foreign individuals to become international students as well as to maintain that status. Through an examination of their narratives, I demonstrate a highly regulated and stressful process that has created an uncertain and precarious situation for international students, which transforms international students into “Others” to be regulated and surveilled. I use racial formation theory and different strands of critical race theory to argue that the characteristics of the Other in this case are not exactly about race, or class, or ethnicity, but that they represent, in some ways, a whole other category (the bureaucratic "F-1" visa category) of otherness. I conclude that: (1) The steps international students (who were created, not born, "international" of course) must take to fit legally into American society are complex and confusing both to the students as well as their communities, and this lack of clarity takes a toll on individuals living within this system; (2) The socially constructed international student "other" does not necessarily align perfectly with the race, ethnicity, or national origin of the students. I conclude by drawing on our findings to problematize some versions of assimilation theory (particularly since the students in the study experience an “in-betweenness” that is not of their own making) as a reflection of white supremacy, particularly in the time of heightened tensions about race, ethnicity, and immigration.
Women, Gender, and Sexualities Caucus Luncheon
Thursday | 12:30 pm-1:30 pm | Grand Ballroom East

Organizer: Andrea Nicole Hunt, University of North Alabama
A time for women, gender, and sexualities researchers and members of historically marginalized genders and sexualities to gather. A limited number of lunches will be provided for registered MSSA Conference attendees.
21. Media, Politics, and Inequality [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Forum East

Organizer: Marcus Brooks, Western Kentucky University
Presider: Jiabin Fan, University of Arkansas at Little Rock
  • "From Androgyny to Binary and Back: A Content Analysis on Nonbinary TikToks". .....Freddie Hatton, University of Louisville
  • Two subjects that have become increasingly relevant in academic study in recent years are that of social media usage and nonbinary gender identities. Yet, few studies have sought to combine these two areas of research. In this study, this is precisely what I sought to achieve. By using a content analysis of fifty TikToks, I explored how nonbinary individuals use the social media platform to express their gender identities. The research from this study suggests that while many nonbinary TikTok creators identify as transmasc and use the platform to demonstrate how they make efforts to pass, fewer nonbinary creators identify as transfemme. Additionally, the study identified themes of "passing as androgynous" and "gender bending," as sources of joy for many nonbinary individuals. It also found that nonbinary individuals use preexisting styles and subcultures, such as gothic and alternative, as means of gender expression. By shedding light on how nonbinary individuals use digital media to express their gender identities, this research highlights the need for more research that centers on the experiences and perspectives of nonbinary individuals, and the importance of expanding our understanding of gender beyond the binary.
  • Fabricated testimonials: White savior narratives and a new lens of observation. .....Elliott Howard, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
  • White savior narratives are not new but their purpose and function continue to be debated. Emerson and Bracey’s The Religion of Whiteness offers a new way to observe and interpret white savior narratives. Using their theoretical approach, two white savior narratives are analyzed. First, I interpret The Blind Side, a 2009 film that clearly exemplifies the white savior narrative. The second narrative focuses on Renee Bach, a young white woman who ran a medical facility in Uganda for four years without medical credentials (2011-2015). This analysis and conversation offers a possibility of how to observe and interpret the creation of white savior narratives. How do white savior narratives keep the “word of whiteness” alive?
  • Is There Only White Christian Nationalism? An Analysis of the Black Christian Right on TikTok.. .....Marcus Brooks, Western Kentucky University
  • Scholars of Christian Nationalism often emphasize the specificity of whiteness when discussing the threat of Christian Nationalism. The explanation for this is that Black Nationalists and Black Christians have historically drawn on these ideas to promote progressive ideals of racial progress. This research explores if conservative Black Christians on TikTok express values that are in agreement with those of White Christian Nationalism.
  • “Not French enough”? Aya Nakamura and the Paris Olympics. Debates, controversies, backlash, and misogynoir.. .....Marie des Neiges Leonard, The University of South Alabama
  • In February 2024, French President Emmanuel Macron convoked French singer-songwriter Aya Nakamura to inquire about a song choice, should she be selected to perform at the 2024 Paris Olympics opening ceremony in July. Aya Nakamura suggested Edith Piaf, another popular French singer from the 1940s-1950s. She ended up performing at the ceremony a combo of her songs and a song by French singer Charles Aznavour (famous between the 1950s and 1980s), accompanied by the musicians of the Republican Guard. However, between February and July 2024, debates, critiques, denigrating remarks, and attacks, ensued whether in the social media, in the media, or even protests in the streets, against and about Aya Nakamura herself, and about the idea and possibility that she might be performing at the Paris Olympics. These heated debates and controversies emanated in part from Far Right politicians and groups, and Right wing politicians, but also from the larger public and the French elite. More specifically, the debates and attacks revolved around the question of French identity, in terms of race and ethnicity, with regards to language and embodiment of French identity. Indeed, all critiques claimed that Aya Nakamura did not embody, or not enough, Frenchness. The critiques did so without referring directly to race, yet citing particular ways, notably language, to assert the importance of an idealized French identity. This study, which is a work in progress, intends to examine the underlying racist discourse and rhetoric surrounding the person and persona of Aya Nakamura in the specific context of the Paris Olympics, and in the larger context of France’s colorblind approach to race and ethnicity. First, this study argues that the racist attacks against Nakamura exemplify the specificity of French colorblind racism, which I call enlightened racism. Second this study contends that the racist discourse against the singer is also a form of misogynoir, the specific misogyny against black women that takes place in hip hop music, which Aya Nakamura has been familiar with throughout her career. Finally, this study demonstrates that the way the avalanche of derogatory and racist remarks against Nakamura, and the way the debates regarding French identity took place, illustrate how social media is transforming racial politics in France. Particularly, further research is needed with regards to how cyber-racism materializes and how it is connected to the larger issue of institutional racism.
  • Understanding the Sexualization and Objectification of Gender in Print Advertisements Over Time: An Intersectional Approach. .....Susan McClain, University of Arkansas at Little Rock; and Jiabin Fan, University of Arkansas at Little Rock
  • Advertisements sell us more than products. They sell us values, images, and concepts of love, sex, and what life is to be, who we are, as well as who we should be. This project seeks to address how advertisers employ print advertisements to sexualize and objectify women in different racial and age groups to reinforce the stereotyping of gender roles in the past three decades. We seek to enrich the understanding of the representations of gender in popular media, which further intertwines with social contexts and how intersecting identities shape people's experiences, thus raising awareness of intersectionality to help reduce inequalities. Our project examines 1,200 print ads using Hatton and Trautner's (2011) coding scheme, followed by Cohen's Kappa coefficient analysis and Chi-square tests. This research aims to identify the association between gender and sexualized objectification beyond the gender binary model using print advertisements, the novel ways that advertisers employ to sexualize and objectify women to reinforce and enhance the stereotypical gender roles today, especially those targeting nonwhites, children, and the elderly, if racial identity plays a significant role in sexualization of genders in popular media, and how we can use our understanding of intersectional inequalities to facilitate solidarities.
22. Sociological Theory: Fine Arts, Objects, and Social Breakdown - Theory Mini-Conference [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Forum West

Organizer: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Presiders: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville; Laura Hart, Missouri State University;
  • Deepening Students’ Understanding of Sociological Theory through Fine Visual Arts. .....Laura Hart, Missouri State University
  • Sociological theory can be abstract for undergraduate students, particularly as an increasing number of students read less and struggle to both attain a high level of focus and grasp arguments made in written texts. Consequently, students may not fully appreciate classical and contemporary theoretical concepts and the social world that sociological theorists have long sought to understand. This paper explores strategies for engaging students in sociological theory courses using fine arts images as visual metaphors to communicate important historical context and to encourage deeper reflection on key theoretical ideas. I will explore, for example, how the painting “Coalbrookdale by Night” by Philip James de Loutherbourg (1801), which contrasts a raging fire from a factory with an idyllic woodland landscape, conveys the tensions around progress and the simultaneous repressed story of destruction and loss that classical theorists in the new modern world were dealing with. James Rosenquist’s “President Elect” (1960-61), which juxtaposes John F. Kennedy, the first presidential candidate to harness mass media for his campaign, with images of consumer products, is illustrative of Jürgen Habermas’s concept of the colonization of the public sphere. Can students’ comprehension improve with the addition of fine arts images in theory?
  • Fantasy Production and Risk. .....Jeremy A Ross, Jacksonville State University; and Joshua Coheely, Jacksonville State University
  • This work expands previous scholarship on the role of audiences in the successful distribution and implementation of emergency information concerning a chemical weapons incinerator in Alabama. We investigate how risk creating organizations communicate, negotiate, and secure legitimacy through selling fantasy. In this case, the efforts at legitimation overcame contesting accounts of reality. The organizations successfully created and distributed physical objects, coalescing and transforming fantasy narratives into an unquestionable, material reality. This process can be understood through applying the postmodern theory of Jean Baudrillard.
  • Object Placement Theory. .....Kiya Rayne Simmons, UT Martin
  • Oftentimes as a society, we are too busy to notice the impact things around us can have. This research will establish how objects within society often impact our lives without ever being realized. Within every aspect of how we live our lives, an object can be observed as involved for example, we use cars as a means of transportation, a stove as a means of eating, houses as a means of shelter, and knick-knacks as a means of decor. Symbolic interaction theory explains that we as people give meaning to objects through our social interactions. This research will establish the existence of object placement theory. This research will further the concept of social interaction theory and provide evidence to support that through social interactions, people assign meaning, but also draw meaning from the placement of objects within society as well as the object itself.
  • Social Breakdown: Structural Ritualization Theory, the DDR Model, and Therapeutic Possibilities. .....Jason Shawn Ulsperger, Arkansas Tech University; and Kristen Ulsperger, Arkansas Tech University
  • Structural ritualization theory emerged as a perspective providing a precise definition for “ritual” at the end of the previous century (Knottnerus 1997). Discussing meaningful regularly engaged in behaviors as “ritualized symbolic practices,” it gives scholars a way to identify and measure rituals through frequency, importance, and similarity all while considering variation in personal tangible and intangible resources. Recent work tied to disaster studies generated an offshoot - the Disruption, Deritualization, and Reritualization Model. This presentation reviews data generated by that research. However, it focuses on the possibility of using DDR as a form of therapy for any situation involving social breakdown (i.e. life disruption) that produces strain for individual actors. It concludes with thoughts on the tradition of clinical sociology and the need for future scholarship.
23. AI, Scholarship, and Teaching: Creative Tools for Learning and Teaching [Roundtable]
Thursday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Jackson

Organizer: Kimberly Michelle Murray, Texas A&M University Texarkana
  • Student Survey Data about AI at a Southern Regional University. .....Kimberly Michelle Murray, Texas A&M University Texarkana; Sara Lawrence, Texas A&M University - Texarkana; and Joe Burzynski, Texas A&M University - Texarkana
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the promise to change our lives for the better and disrupt how faculty teach and students learn. Perceived as the best innovation for society since the internet, AI is also perceived as dangerous with potential consequences that mirror dark aspects experienced with the advent of the internet and social media. To seize the opportunities and address the challenges, universities are tapping resources and support to consider AI as a means to engage students in the learning process, and mitigate issues related to the challenges (e.g., plagiarism, cheating, etc.). To support university efforts, many universities have passed along training opportunities and other programming for faculty to better understand the impact of AI on higher education. However, there is so much, ethically and practically, to consider. A recent Department of Education report (May 2023) offers insights and recommendations for educational entities. This paper presents preliminary findings of survey data about faculty and student perceptions and usage of AI at a southern, regional university. The survey data is meant to be informative and exploratory, protecting participants’ confidentiality and privacy. This data will provide a starting point for discussions about AI specific to one campus, although the intent is to also connect to the larger body of literature and training opportunities currently available regarding AI. These efforts will help keep this university on pace with trends in higher education and provide opportunities for faculty members to develop and revise assignments (e.g., include prompt engineering ethically) more appropriate for an AI environment.
24. Criminology Research in Progress [Roundtable]
Thursday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Polk

Presider: Shara Anansa Mintz, Norfolk State University
  • State-Level Retention of the Death Penalty: Factors Driving Continued Use in the U.S. .....Shara Anansa Mintz, Norfolk State University
  • This session presents an ongoing study that explores the factors contributing to the retention of the death penalty in specific U.S. states. While many states have moved toward abolition, others continue to implement capital punishment. This work-in-progress examines preliminary findings related to state policies, socio-political influences, and legal frameworks that support the continued use of the death penalty. The session will discuss the research methodology, initial data collection, and challenges encountered so far, as well as potential directions for future analysis. Attendees are encouraged to provide feedback and critiques to help shape the final research.
  • Do Children Feel Safe at School?. .....Vaun Baltimore, Middle Tennessee State University
  • Keeping kids safe at school has become a top priority for teachers, parents, and lawmakers. Schools do not just teach subjects; they are places where children grow up and learn to get along with others. How safe a school feels and how secure it is can make a big difference in how well a child learns and develops. Up to now, researchers have looked at things like security guards and programs to stop bullying. However, we lack an understanding of how these safety measures influence a child’s sense of security. This study wants to find out what kids think about safety at school. It asks important questions about how safety rules affect different ages of kids, what makes a child feel safe, and how talking with school staff changes things. By valuing children’s perspectives, this research aims to generate insights that will inform the development of more effective policies and practices. The goal is for schools to be safe places where kids can learn and grow.
25. Research Methods in the Current Era of COVID-19 [Panel]
Thursday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Embassy East

Organizer: Lain A.B. Mathers, Indiana State University
Presider: Lain A.B. Mathers, Indiana State University
The COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to the ways many sociologists gather data. In Spring 2020, scholars were having to shift course in their research endeavors, and quickly, as new public health information became available. There were regular conversations among sociologists about how to adapt to these changes when we knew little about COVID-19, how it spread, and the broader impacts of this illness on our social life. Four years later, many COVID-19 precautions and discussions have fallen to the wayside. Indeed, some even go so far as to suggest that the pandemic is over, despite data that reveals that COVID-19 is still a prevalent virus impacting thousands of individuals. However, there has been relatively little discussion about how our research is continually impacted by COVID-19 in the later stages of the pandemic. This panel discussion will bring together scholars using multiple research methods to discuss how their work is shaped by the present moment we are in vis-à-vis the COVID-19 pandemic. How might recruiting survey respondents be shaped by anti-science discourses that became more prevalent in the wake of early COVID-19? How do ethnographers who continue to wear masks in public blend into settings where most people don’t anymore? In short: the focus of this panel will be: How are our decisions about what we research, and how we do our research, shaped by the lingering impacts of COVID-19?

Panelists:
  • Nik Lampe, University of South Florida;
  • Lisa Miller, Eckerd College;
  • J. Sumerau, University of Tampa;
  • Katie Cooper, University of Tampa;
Discussant:
  • Lain A.B. Mathers, Indiana State University;
26. Black Women's Resistance through Persistence [Panel]
Thursday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Embassy West

Organizer: Melencia Johnson, University of South Carolina Aiken
Presider: Giselle Greenidge, Northwest Missouri State University
Resistance comes in many forms. This interdisciplinary panel will discuss paths of personal resistance to micro-politics and institutional pressure to conform and exit their chosen field. Their inspiring stories of how persistence in their disciplines has led to rewarding careers in and out of academia will be beneficial to students and faculty alike. In discussing their current projects, panelists will hone in on the importance of mentorship and support to their success.

Panelists:
  • Harriet Crockett-Woods, Childrens Healthcare of Atlanta;
  • Melencia Johnson, University of South Carolina Aiken;
  • Nastassia N. Jones, Southern University and A&M College;
  • Lola Olufemi, National Institutes of Health;
27. Criminal Legal System [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Embassy West

Presider: Sherry Skaggs, University of Central Arkansas
  • Pre-prison Polyvictmizaton among Women Serving Life in Prison. .....Ron Aday, Middle Tennessee State University; Nicole Seabold, Tennessee Tech University; and Meredith Huey Dye, Middle Tennessee State University
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of pre-prison polyvictimization among a sample of Black (n = 51) and White (n = 64) women serving life in a maximum-security prison. Using a 30-item Likert scale, we investigate racial disparities in the co-occurrence of emotional, coercive control, sexual, and physical abuse. Women lifers experienced a high degree of co-occurring abusive tactics. White women reported more verbal/emotional and coercive control tactics than their Black counterparts. We found few differences when examining measures of physical and sexual abuse. However, White lifers reported more injuries related to physical abuse while Black lifers were less likely to utilize legal counsel, or seek medical assistance, counseling services, or shelter support. Cultural definitions of abuse and access to available support systems along with marital status and duration of polyvictimization are suggested as possible explanations for racial differences found in this sample. Given the toxic cumulative effects resulting from psychological and physical battering, we urge prison officials to reexamine current prison policies that retraumatize women. Further, racially inclusive trauma-informed intervention strategies are needed to help reduce lingering psychological pain.
  • A Network Perspective on Officer Diversity and Racial Disparity in Police Use of Force. .....Scott Duxbury, University of North Carolina
  • Officer diversity is often advanced as a solution to racial disparities in police use of force, yet prior research shows comparable levels of force use disparity in predominantly black departments as in predominantly white departments. We advance a perspective that suggests that racial socialization within officers’ professional networks generates more willingness to use racially disparate force. We test this hypothesis using network data from a predominantly black police department in a southeastern state. We find that the number of white friendships within officers’ professional networks is associated with force use frequency against black suspects, net of officers’ race. In contrast, we find no evidence that officers with a larger number of black friends use more force against white suspects. Further analyses reveal that a portion of these racial disparities can be traced to socialization within police departments, where within-department friendship selection through mutual affiliates creates local network clusters that account for a relatively large share of force use against black suspects. These results support the group contact perspective on racial disparity in police violence and carry implications for policy interventions designed to address police use of force.
  • School Safety Concerns in Adolescence and Criminal Offending in Short and Long Terms. .....Vaun Baltimore, Middle Tennessee State University; and Chloe Catherine Davenport, Middle Tennessee State University
  • Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study examines whether, within time-varying, individual-level deviations from a person-specific baseline in concerns about school safety predict risk for subsequent criminal engagement among adolescents. This analysis uses adolescent and adult responses from a survey (N=10,108 adolescents; 6,938 adults) along with logistic regression to predict criminal offending allowing for school safety perceptions. Descriptive statistics indicate that about 32% of Wave II and 5 % in the case of Wave V, reported committing criminal offending at least one time during the past year. Across all waves, these are the only significant effects of interest — higher concerns about school safety increase the odds of criminal behavior in adolescence and adulthood. Every increase in one unit of safety concerns related to schools also raises the odds of taking part in criminal offending during adolescence by 16-18 percent. This association also continues in adulthood with a college degree as another mediator. In addition, this relationship is further mediated by key mediating factors including school attachment and self-control as well as depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that targeting school safety perceptions and its mediators can help in preventing criminal behavior later. Interventions that target school safety and its various mechanisms may contribute to reducing adolescent delinquency —midst evidence of the end of one crime career leading into another within adulthood.
  • Police-Community Relations: A National Analysis of Law Enforcement Personnel. .....Sherry Skaggs, University of Central Arkansas
  • Police-Community Relations is an extremely broad term, long recognized in research as being constantly changing and representing the interactions between police departments and the communities they serve. In recent years, law enforcement personnel have faced challenges involving recruitment and retention, which has been noted to affect relationships within the community. In response to these challenges, a national network was established to allow department personnel to better understand effective community engagement practices and share experiences. Through a qualitative analysis of six focus groups each comprised of representatives from the national network, this study examines the attitudes and experiences of law enforcement personnel working within the community engagement spectrum. Results showcase several current struggles shared by police personnel as well as perceived needs departments have for improvement in community engagement work in the future.
  • Do Perceptions of Justice Matter in Predicting Crime Victim Fear?. .....Jessica Abbott, Utah Tech University; and Shelly McGrath, University of Alabama at Birmingham
  • Procedural justice theory (PJT) refers to perceptions that individuals have of the criminal justice system, including officials therein. Scholarship concerned with PJT has gained extraordinary momentum in recent years, however, such research has focused primarily on how perceptions of justice impact police reporting, satisfaction with police, and other related variables. What has heretofore not been explored is whether perceptions of procedural justice among crime victims can influence their fear of crime. In this study, we use National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data to explore whether non-police reporting victims’ perceptions of (in)justice influence their levels of general and formless fear of crime. We draw on the literature to hypothesize principally that perceptions of procedural justice among such victims have a positive association with fear. Analyses are ongoing.
28. Sociology of Disaster [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Forum East

Organizer: Ashleigh McKinzie, Middle Tennessee State University
Presider: Ashleigh McKinzie, Middle Tennessee State University
  • Mitigation Beliefs and Risk Perceptions: How Disaster Root Cause Attributions Impact Policy Support. .....Marjorie Prokosch, Rochester Institute of Technology; and Jessica W. Pardee, Rochester Institute of Technology
  • Natural, Technological, Na-tech, Synergistic, Social, Hazard-defined, Impact-defined, Climate-induced…for over fifty years the definition and causal attributes of disasters have been debated. Yet, as climate change increases disaster frequency, intensity, and duration amid increasing politicization of environmental issues, important questions arise: Do people’s causal attributions of disasters (i.e., beliefs about root causes) predict their support for disaster risk reduction efforts? Are their attributions and mitigation beliefs consistent across disaster typologies (e.g., hurricane vs. heat wave)? Do factors like geographical exposure to particular disaster types, or personal political orientation matter? For whom? Two national correlational surveys (Ns = 407, 748), examined whether there would be meaningful variation in people’s causal attributions across different hazards and whether these attributions are related to mitigation beliefs, risk perception, and policy support. Analyses also explored these constructs’ relations to key sociodemographic variables (e.g., experience, political orientation). Results revealed that attributions of disasters 1) vary by hazard type; 2) are related to beliefs about mitigation potential (i.e., whether collective or individual action can reduce disaster risks); and 3) are related to support for disaster mitigation policies. That is, the more people acknowledge anthropomorphic, sociopolitical, and climate’s causal impacts on disasters, the more disaster risk and mitigation potential they perceive, and the more supportive of disaster mitigation policies they tend to be. These social psychological relationships found between attributions, mitigation beliefs, risk perception, and policy support interact with political orientation, suggesting that persuasive pathways exist to help bridge polarized political divides surrounding disaster policy in the U.S.
  • "Life is Too Short": Necropolitics in the Shadows of Corporate Governance. .....Kasey Henricks, University of Illinois at Chicago
  • “Life is too short stay Happy.” This sentence is the opening line of Revall Burke’s Facebook profile. Burke was a 60-year-old, health-conscious ex-Marine who volunteered his free time to run block clubs on Chicago’s southside. In March 2020, he came down with what he thought was a cold. Days later, he had a fever and trouble breathing. Burke shrugged it off, thinking it was the flu. He took the symptoms seriously, though. Mustering enough strength, the man drove himself to the hospital. The doctors sedated Burke shortly after arrival and placed him on a ventilator. Twelve hours later, his kidneys shut down. He was on life support. Burke fought for his life over the next eight days. His six children, fiancé and extended family, and too many friends to count were on around-the-clock prayer duty. Chicago lost one of its own on April 1. Revall Burke was the first city employee to die from COVID-19. Though his story does not have a happy ending, it does illustrate a sobering example of where private troubles meet public issues.
  • An Interdisciplinary Research Method: Reflective Listening Visualization. .....Jo DeRouen, University of Louisiana at Lafayette
  • Reflective Listening Visualization is an interdisciplinary research method and iterative process that includes the participation and involvement of multiple team members of different disciplines when (1) conducting in-depth interviews, (2) performing thematic analysis of the interview data, (3) using the emergent themes as basis to design visual representations of the themes, (4) presenting the visuals back to the interviewee for feedback, and (5) using the feedback to confirm the visual, refine the existing visual, or to create a new visual. Fundamentally, the Reflective Listening Visualization technique is an enhanced communication tool that aims to increase the community member's voice and to verify the understanding of their experiences, ideas, and concerns while also enhancing the interdisciplinary learning potential of the research team.
29. Sociology and Film/Television - Theory Mini-Conference [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Forum West

Organizer: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Presider: Joel Crombez, Kennesaw State University
  • Surviving the Post-Apocalypse: Station Eleven, Classical Education, and the Therapeutic Life. .....Joel Crombez, Kennesaw State University
  • As the veneer of normality that modern societies project on everyday life has cracked under the onslaught of crises in recent decades, the culture industry has stepped up in its delivery of post-apocalyptic narratives for our consumption. While on the surface mass culture retains its dominance by acting as a willing extension of the logic of capital, television and film, by their visual nature, maintain the ability to present multiple narratives simultaneously. Much like science fiction, post-apocalyptic narratives often create an estrangement effect that enables viewers to indirectly reflect upon aspects of their own situation that they are unlikely to do otherwise. This genre in particular has offered multiple “prestige” television shows that examine the impact of losing the modern world and upending the social norms in which we are currently embedded. Station Eleven (2021) demonstrates the roll that the humanities play in processing our grief and in forming a common bond between strangers. The disintegration of the classical model of education has coincided with the atomization of individuals and a concurrent rise in mental health issues. Using Station Eleven as a foil, this paper invites a discussion on reclaiming the humanistic core of education as a necessary component of the therapeutic life which prioritize our mental health in order to prepare us for the social action our world demands.
  • (D)evolution, Class, and Alienation in an Unexpected Science Fiction Film. .....Anthony J. Knowles, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
  • Beyond aesthetic signifies, science fiction works by taking some element or elements of modern society and exaggerating or modifying them in such a way that provokes opportunities to reflect on modern society. Sci-fi scenarios allow audiences to imagine and experience thought experiments of how modern society might be different if it developed along a particular path and how might humanity respond to the changed circumstances of this imagined future. Though panned by audiences and critics at initial release, Super Mario Bros (1993) demonstrates the estranging effects of science fiction through the exploration of a world where intelligent life emerged under dystopic and autocratic circumstances. The film plays with the theme of evolution in modern society in myriad ways, including the literal “evolution” and “devolution” of several characters. Evolution is portrayed as gaining class consciousness while devolution is framed as blind devotion to an authoritarian leader. The depiction of devolution is not too dissimilar from practices of deskilling labor and the erosion of class solidarity under the Fordist-Taylorist work regimes of the 20th and 21st centuries. Thus, the film proves its mettle as a science fiction film that warrants critical examination—even as it has been largely overlooked by critics and scholars—demonstrating how critical estrangement can manifest in unexpected places.
  • ‘Brooklyn Nine-Nine’ and Exploring Implicit(?) Copaganda on TV. .....Sukanya Bhattacharya, University of Tennessee-Knoxville; and Elliott Howard, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
  • ‘Copaganda’ is defined as a special kind of propaganda that is perpetuated by the police and media to shape public opinion about crime, violence and fear about it. Our paper focuses on the situational-comedy TV series ‘Brooklyn Nine-Nine’ (2013-2021) created by Dan Goor and Michael Schur, about the 99th police precinct of New York city and a squad of detectives. Although the TV series has been marketed as a workplace comedy, it still validated the logic of policing, incarceration and the race, class, and gender dynamics that affect it. However, after the 2020 protests against George Floyd’s murder, there was a cultural shift in the media and public consciousness with arguments for defunding the police. Consequently, ‘Brooklyn Nine-Nine’ also slightly shifted its tone post-pandemic. However, we argue that this shift was still superficial and performative, choosing ‘a few bad apples’ approach. Our analysis does not stop at pointing out how ‘Brooklyn Nine Nine’ is a ‘copaganda’, but into how changing social trends and a shift in popular consciousness about the police led to the show re-evaluating the main characters, their motivations, and relationship with their work while also dealing with their own varied social identities and positionalities.
30. W.E.B. Du Bois and His Legacy of Critical Research on Race [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | International

Organizer: Melencia Johnson, University of South Carolina Aiken
Presider: Jessica McCarty, University of South Alabama
  • DuBois’ Double Consciousness as Meta-Axiological Dilemma. .....Sundjata ibn-Hyman, Coppin State University
  • This paper explores DuBois’ concept of double consciousness as a case of meta-axiological dilemma (Hyman, 1997). It argues that because vestiges of slavery and racism can no longer be considered significant contributors to contemporary social problems plaguing the Black community (e.g., Wilson, 1987), meta-axiological dilemma drives current indicators of concentrated poverty among urban Blacks. Using Baltimore’s West North Avenue Corridor, the paper endeavors to show how overt impediments to quality-of-life achievements lie in a basic inability to integrate the two warring ideals in one dark body, each acutely aware of the other. It offers an explanation for how urban social agents reinforce meta-axiological dilemma by pursuing antisocial behaviors as rational choices for individual economic success within an urban space of concentrated poverty and institutional dysteleology.
  • The Talented Tenth: W. E. B. Du Bois’ Social Justice Warriors. .....Earl Wright II, Rhodes College
  • The phrase “social justice warrior” is used by many to demean, belittle, and mischaracterize the efforts of individuals attempting to create a more perfect union. In this essay this understanding of the social justice warrior concept is challenged, reformulated, and traced back to W. E. B. Du Bois’ theory on African American leadership. Expanding on past analyses of Du Bois’ talented tenth, I argue that in his writings, including but not limited to, “Conservation of the Races,” “Talented Tenth,” “Atlanta University Studies,” and works of fiction like “The Coming of the Two Johns” in Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois contains elements of a call for social justice warriors and grassroots activists dedicated to using social science to improve the life chances and life outcomes of Blacks in America. Departing from traditional (mis)understandings of Du Bois’ theory, the talented tenth includes people that are not simply highly credentialed, monied, and contented elites interested in little more than their current or potential class position. The talented tenth includes all who embrace the call to use social science to improve society. Embedded in my position is the idea that the current Black Lives Matter moment, and many of its leaders, are the actualization of his talented tenth vision. As such, the objective of this essay is to outline the ideal type talented tenth member (or social justice warrior) and make an argument not only for their contemporary relevance, but necessity.
  • Unveiling the Power of Black Feminist Thought in Challenging U.S. Policing Methods. .....Emerald Jones, Alabama A&M University; and Mariyah Johnson, Alabama A&M University
  • Despite society’s continued focus on police brutality against the Black community, few studies center on Black women’s experiences with past and current policing methods in the United States. This study examines the need to address the systemic marginalization experienced by Black women during encounters with law enforcement, underscored by their disproportionate victimization through police violence compared to their white and male counterparts. Additionally, this study highlights the context of the police mistreatment of Black individuals, which has led to social movements like Black Lives Matter, emphasizing the need for reform to rectify the historical abuse of Black women by the police. Underscoring how systemic oppression intersects with Black women’s police and social movement experiences, this study advocates using the Black Feminist Thought framework to challenge patriarchal dynamics, promote intersectional analyses, and foster equitable social justice movements. Recommendations for program development and culturally competent policies are also presented.
31. Poster Session [Poster Session]
Thursday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Grand Ballroom East

Presider: Jessica Lynn Burke, Francis Marion University
  • Interpersonal Regret Choices among Undergraduates. .....Teagan Ainsley Slade, East Carolina University; Emily Herrle, East Carolina University; David Knox, East Carolina University; Elizabeth Perkins, Morehead State University; I Joyce Chang, University of Central Missouri; and Lacey Ritter, Mount Mercy University
  • Regretting one’s interpersonal decisions is not unusual- “I should have…”, “I could have…..”, “Why didn’t I?” This research focused on interpersonal regret among a sample of 305 undergraduates (72% female, 82% heterosexual, 63% white) who reported on their experience with 17 interpersonal decisions. The top three regrets were “overlooking red flags”- 70%, “staying in a relationship that should be broken”- 60%, and “forgiving a partner rather than ending the relationship- 56%. Gender differences in regret over relationship decisions revealed women being significantly more likely than men to regret “ Overlooking “red flags” ( p < .05) , putting up with partner’s lying (p < .001), and staying in a relationship in which they felt “used” (p < .001). Men were significantly more likely than women to regret “flirting while in a committed relationship” ( p < .05). There were no significant racial or sexual orientation group differences. Symbolic interaction is the theoretical framework for explaining the data. Limitations of the research are identified.
  • Party At The Polls : Voter Registration Initiative. .....Jaycob Beasley, Tuskegee University
  • This initiative began in March 2023 as a civic engagement project for Tuskegee University, evolving to educate and inspire young voters amid rising voter suppression. We focus on increasing youth participation in civic discussions and encouraging political involvement through voting. Our partnership with the NAACP campus group led to a significant impact on our campus, increasing education among registered voters and inspiring approximately 150 unregistered voters to participate actively, including managing form submissions to the Macon County Courthouse. An interactive annual event on Tuskegee University's open house day educates the community about historical voter suppression in Macon County and modern tactics, while actively registering new voters in an engaging setting. Volunteers are trained to confidently convey our mission, engage citizens, and share Tuskegee’s history that inspired this initiative. In the summer of 2024, this initiative gained international recognition as I was invited to present at the OSUN Get Engaged Conference in Berlin, Germany. The presentation was a success, allowing me to gain valuable insights and further inspiring the ongoing transition of this initiative into a sustainable nonprofit organization. I was honored with a sealed certificate for my efforts, marking a significant milestone in the project's journey. Future goals include expanding outreach, fostering new partnerships, and increasing voter registration and civic engagement across broader communities.
  • Analyzing News Reports on Black Parent-Child Socialization to Explore Gender Neutrality. .....Mahir Mahmud Khan, Wichita State University
  • Black parents use a socialization tool informally known as "the talk" to guide their children on navigating interactions with law enforcement. This conversation includes discussions on effectively managing police encounters to reduce the risk of harm or fatality. Studies reveal that, despite Black women and girls experiencing fatal police violence, there is significantly less attention given to violence against them. The purpose of this study, however, is to analyze news sources related to "the talk" and investigate the gender neutrality of headlines. The research employed an unobtrusive method, specifically a combination of content analysis and thematic analysis on six news articles gathered through a Google search (2010-2023) for "the talk by Black parents." The findings indicate that, while the headlines are gender-neutral, the article framing maintains a gender-binary approach, excluding children with non-binary gender identities from the discussion. Moreover, there is an increased emphasis on male children, contributing to the marginalization of girls. This study adds to critical race and gender studies by examining media representation and uncovering complex dynamics at the intersection of race and gender. Future studies could explore the impact of gender framing in media on public perceptions and attitudes.
  • A Comparative Analysis of Animal Cruelty Law Categories and Reported Incidents Across U.S. Regions. .....Shelly McGrath, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Kirsten Tjarks, University of Alabama-Birmingham
  • This research examines the variability and enforceability of animal abuse laws across different U.S. states. Amidst growing societal concern for animal welfare, significant inconsistencies exist in legal protections for animals. My study aims to bridge the gap between diverse legal frameworks and the goal of unified animal protection. Utilizing a multi-faceted approach, we systematically compare legal texts across states, analyze the correlation between legal wording and law enforcement, and assess the influence of regional socio-political contexts. The literature review identifies gaps in current research, particularly in the enforcement effectiveness and regional variation of laws. My findings highlight a fragmented approach to animal cruelty laws in the U.S. and underscore the need for standardized, effective legal strategies. This study contributes new insights into the enforceability of animal abuse laws, advocating for policy reforms to enhance animal welfare legislation and aiming to influence future research and policymaking in this crucial area.
  • Remaining Together After an Affair. .....Lillian Griffin, East Carolina University
  • Remaining Together After an Affair Lillian Griffin, East Carolina University Haley Morrow, East Carolina University I Joyce Chang, Central Missouri University Elizabeth Perkins, Morehead State University David Knox, East Carolina University A partner’s cheating/affair remains a crisis event for most couples in a romantic relationship. Working through the betrayal is an alternative to ending the relationship. This research will assess factors involved in making the decision to remain in a relationship after cheating has occurred and what the relationship was like going forward. The data will be from 400+ undergraduates at three universities who will be asked to complete a survey emailed to them by the faculty members of this research. In addition to 16 quantitative questions, open ended qualitative questions include “If you have been in a committed relationship where your partner cheated on you, and you stayed together, what factors contributed to your decision to stay together and what was the relationship like going forward?” Variations by gender, sexual orientation, and race will be assessed. Symbolic interactionism and social exchange theories will be used to explain the findings. Limitations of the research will be identified.
  • Social Media and Public Opinion on Gun Control. .....Maruice Mangum, Jackson State University
  • The purpose of this research is to learn whether social media usage shapes public opinion on gun control. Given its widespread use in politics and sensationalism of newsworthy events such as mass shootings, I investigate whether usage of certain social media outlets, frequency of usage, and being active on mainstream social media influence support for or opposition to various forms of gun control. To date, this investigation serves as the first of its kind. Social media platforms have become important linkage mechanisms, connecting people across borders, serving as prime sources of news, and making it possible for individuals to communicate directly with each other. Social media platforms make it easier and more effective for users to share their views on many topics and are powerful avenues for social and political activism, igniting the #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter movements and the Arab Spring. In doing so, I ground our investigation in cultivation theory. Cultivation theory posits that long-term exposure to television influences society’s perception of the real world (Gerbner, 1969). Over time, exposure results in desultory learning (Mosharaf, 2015). Thus, social media consumption may have a positive relationship with negative perceptions of the real world (mean world hypothesis). I contend that the more active social media users are, the more likely they will see the world as a dangerous or negative place, hence, support gun control. I expand on cultivation theory through the following hypotheses: H1: Social media consumption is positively associated with wanting the U.S. government to make it more difficult to purchase a firearm. H2: Social media consumption is positively associated with wanting to require background checks when purchasing a firearm in the U.S. H3: Social media consumption is positively associated with wanting to ban assault-style firearms in the U.S. H4: Social media consumption is positively associated with wanting the U.S. government to implement a mandatory assault-style firearm buy-back policy.
  • Retribution or Reform? A Qualitative Analysis of Racial and Gendered Opinions towards Rehabilitative Justice. .....Emil M Cucksee, University of Alabama in Huntsville
  • Previous research has compared punitive attitudes between men and women but largely excludes gender minorities. The current study takes an intersectional approach to more comprehensively examine gendered and racialized attitudinal differences. We recruited 22 participants via the Discord platform, utilizing a snowballing sample method from June to July of 2024. Participants completed 45-minute long interviews and demographic questionnaires in order to examine their attitudes regarding general perceptions of criminal justice, policing, prisons, the release of inmates, and capital punishment. Among a relatively liberal sample, we found that men, women, and gender minorities all shared rehabilitative-oriented beliefs about criminal justice. However, cisgender women were more likely to define criminal justice in the context of fairness, whereas cisgender men and gender minorities were more likely to define it in the context of restoration. Gender minorities were more receptive to themes of abolition and/or reform than were cisgender men and women. We found relatively few racial differences between White participants and participants of color, though White people were more likely to support capital punishment in rare exceptions, and people of color were more likely to cite false convictions in their support for the abolition of capital punishment.
  • Interpersonal Regrets among Undergraduates. .....Emily Michele Herrle, East Carolina University; Teagan Ainsley Slade, East Carolina University; and David Knox, East Carolina University
  • Regretting one’s interpersonal decisions is not unusual- “I should have…”, “I could have…..”, “Why didn’t I?” This research focused on interpersonal regret among a sample of 305 undergraduates (72% female, 82% heterosexual, 63% white) who reported on their experience with 17 interpersonal decisions. The top three regrets were “overlooking red flags”- 70%, “staying in a relationship that should be broken”- 60%, and “forgiving a partner rather than ending the relationship- 56%. Gender differences in regret over relationship decisions revealed women being significantly more likely than men to regret “ Overlooking “red flags” ( p < .05) , putting up with partner’s lying (p < .001), and staying in a relationship in which they felt “used” (p < .001). Men were significantly more likely than women to regret “flirting while in a committed relationship” ( p < .05). There were no significant racial or sexual orientation group differences. Symbolic interaction is the theoretical framework for explaining the data. Limitations of the research are identified.
32. Multi-Initiative Collaboration Between Sociology and Criminal Justice Programs [Roundtable]
Thursday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Jackson

Organizer: Courtney Waid, Auburn University at Montgomery
Presider: Courtney Waid, Auburn University at Montgomery
Discussants:
  • Kimberly Brackett, Auburn University at Montgomery
  • David Feltmate, Auburn University at Montgomery
  • Brett Lehman, Auburn University at Montgomery
  • Jacqueline McNett, Auburn University at Montgomery
  • Sarah Napper, Auburn University at Montgomery
  • Theresa Pelfrey, Auburn University at Montgomery
  • Courtney Waid, Auburn University at Montgomery
  • Lauren Norman, University of North Carolina Pembroke
33. 50th Commemorative Panel II: Sociology, 50 Years Forward [Panel]
Thursday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Embassy East

Presider: Anita Bledsoe-Gardner, Johnson C. Smith University

Panelists:
  • David C. May, Mississippi State University;
  • Roma Hanks, University of South Alabama;
  • DeMond Miller, Rowan University;
  • Stephen Davis, Arizona State University;
34. Innovative Approaches in Qualitative Research: New Horizons and Methods [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 5:00 pm-6:15 pm | Embassy East

Organizer: Kristie Perry, Southern University and A&M College
Presider: Julietta Raymond, Southern Univerity and A&M College
  • Students Attitudes on College Education: Qualitative Study. .....Ashraf Esmail, Dillard University
  • Overcoming Barriers to Grant-Funded Qualitative Research in Universities: Challenges and Solutions |. .....Kristie Perry, Southern University and A&M College; and Julietta Raymond, Southern Univerity and A&M College
  • Moving from Quantitative to Qualitative Research: Shifting Research Methods to Understand the Challenges Animal Advocates Face. .....Shelly McGrath, University of Alabama at Birmingham
35. Undergraduate Research II [Regular Paper Session]
Thursday | 5:00 pm-6:15 pm | International
  • ADHD and Academic Well-Being. .....Andrea Rene Patton, Berea College
  • Historically, we have not adequately recognized or accommodated disabilities within the societies, systems, or spaces we occupy. In recent years, we’ve become more aware of the need for necessary physical adaptations to our infrastructures and have begun taking small steps toward creating more inclusive spaces for those who have been historically excluded. However, we still collectively fail to recognize disabilities that cannot be seen or easily recognized, but, nonetheless, limit, challenge, and affect function of the mind, senses, and body. ADHD is just one of many “invisible disabilities” that remains underrepresented, inadequately recognized, and, consequently, unaccommodated. Because ADHD is a cognitive disability, disparities facing those living with ADHD are arguably most prevalent in our education systems. Through this research, I aimed to better understand the relationship between ADHD and the academic well-being of Berea College students. I found that ADHD affects GPA, aspects of student self-efficacy, and resource use. It is my hope that these findings will help foster a more inclusive and accommodating environment for students living with ADHD to learn and achieve within at this institution.
  • Death Anxiety, Religion, and Religiosity: A Quantitative Research Report. .....Kaitlyn Sarah Nicole Ferguson, Berea College
  • Feeling anxious or worried at the thought of the death of oneself or a loved one is a common – if not universal – experience. However, this anxiety can be intensified or lessened depending on an individual's religious affiliation (or lack thereof) and the degree to which they believe in or are faithful to their religion. The relationship between an individual's religious beliefs and their anxiety surrounding death is a complicated one with no definitive answers as to how religion may affect death anxiety, which makes it a topic worth being researched. I conducted research on this relationship among Berea College students – I studied whether Berea College students' religious beliefs affect the amount of and the nature of the anxiety that they feel surrounding death.
  • The Sense of Belonging Among Berea College Students. .....Ilaisa`ane Leetham, Berea College
  • The Sense of Belonging has been a major topic in higher education. It can impact a student’s experience and performance in educational settings. Today, we have never been more concerned about creating inclusive spaces for students as well as employees. So, what does make students feel like they belong? I conducted an anonymous survey to analyze what affects the sense of belonging at Berea College. Through this study I found that students do feel like they belong at Berea College. Also, Race, Gender, GPA, and the length of time that is spent at Berea all significantly impact students’ sense of belonging. My study suggests that the college is doing a good job creating a community in which everyone can feel they belong.
  • College Capital: Social and Cultural Capital Development and What it Means for Pell-Eligible Students Aiming for Upward Mobility in Higher Education. .....Andrea Woodward, Berea College; Lily Barnette, Berea College; Ethan Elliot Crofts, Berea College; and Ülvi Gitaliyev, Berea College
  • As more post-secondary institutions increase financial support for lower-income students through free tuition and no-loan financial aid, questions have emerged about what other kinds of support are necessary to make the path to a college degree more equitable and inclusive for lower-income students. In addition to economic capital, social class mobility requires cultural and social capital. These are particularly exclusive, however, because they are accessed through socialization in spaces largely shaped by the degree of privilege a person already has. At the same time, a growing body of research suggests that much of the upward mobility lower-income college graduates achieve is the result of social networks and knowledge they developed through socialization with more economically privileged peers in college. This project’s questions emerged out of an intersection of these ideas and explored how the processes of cultural and social capital development differ for Pell-eligible students with and without economically privileged peers on their campuses. Analyses of the study’s interview data reveal that financial support to participate in off-campus experiences is critical for developing the kinds of cultural and social capital that facilitate upward mobility. These findings point to the need for colleges to expand ideas about what “financial assistance” encompasses and what is necessary for realizing the full mobility potential of a college degree.
Southern Illinois University Carbondale Meet Up
Thursday | 6:30 pm-7:00 pm | Maxwell's Lounge
All faculty, students, alumni and friends of Southern Illinois University Carbondale are invited. Let us gather and catch up!
Small and Community Colleges Caucus Breakfast
Friday | 7:00 am-8:30 am | Grand Ballroom East
Breakfast
Friday | 7:00 am-8:30 am | Grand Ballroom East
Available for registered MSSA conference participants.
36. Environmental Crime/Harm and Justice Issues [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | Embassy East

Organizer: Lisa A. Eargle, Francis Marion University
Presider: Jessica Lynn Burke, Francis Marion University
  • Let’s Talk about Fast Fashion: Patterns of Consumerism among College Students in the U.S. Rural South. .....Cara Elizabeth Martin, UNC Charlotte; and Melanie Anne Escue , University of North Carolina at Pembroke
  • Fast Fashion, a global enterprise that harms the environment and exploits human labor, is a pressing contemporary social issue. Applying the mass and excess consumption framework proposed by Boström (2020), the current study examines the shopping preferences of college students living in the U.S. rural south. Utilizing a series of independent tests and stepwise ordered logistic regression analyses, we find that familiarity with the fast fashion industry is a primary predictor of shopping environmentally friendly, even when controlling for race, price of clothing, awareness of the campus clothing closet, and method of clothing disposal. Additionally, the open-ended nature of our survey questions offer a more nuanced understanding of the barriers to shopping environmentally friendly among one of the largest groups of consumers – the college aged population. Our findings underscore the importance of educational programming on college campuses about fast fashion and the accessibility of shopping environmentally friendly, especially institutions in resource deprived areas. Directions for future research at the intersection of sociology of consumerism and rural studies are discussed.
  • Investigating the Socio-Ecology of the Renewable Energy Supply Chain: Lessons from Extraction in Appalachia and the Future of Extraction in the Global North. .....Patrick Clemens, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
  • This study is concerned with the history of extractive industries and their impact on local communities. The focus of extraction seems to be shifting, although certainly not entirely, toward new raw materials in accordance with the global transition to renewable energy. However, lessons from the past are relevant in guiding how the global economy and contemporary states approach the process of extraction. Negative outcomes, such as poor public health, dangerous and unregulated working environments, and, particularly, environmental degradation, have not disappeared as extraction sets its sights on the raw materials needed for the energy transition. The effects of extraction have simply shifted to new regions, typically in the global South. Relying on a framework laid out in studies of Appalachia’s experience with coal and the well-documented outcomes of fossil fuel extraction in Appalachia and elsewhere, this study aims to extrapolate the developed framework and synthesize it with the social psychology of emotional economies through personal interviews, community-based observation, and archival document analysis in extraction-based locales tied to industries of the past and the future. This study will build a living image of extraction-based communities during fueling the transition to renewable energy and inform proper community-based aid campaigns and state policy.
  • Blue Hegemonies: Confluences of Geocultural Power in the Pacific. .....Julian Aaron Padgett, University of Missouri
  • This paper analyzes how environmental materialisms are invoked in an emergent spatial fix on the "blue" Pacific which is viewed by global hegemons as a re-opening technofrontier. Influenced by the discourse of the "green economy," the traveling discourse of "blue economy/growth" is used to advance political-economic agendas belying and legitimizing ongoing processes of (de)territorialization, securitization, and militarization of the Pacific Islands which are often cast from continentalist perspectives as small and peripheral. This process de-limits Pacific sovereignties and envelops Native ways of engaging with the ocean into imperial literacies. The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF), a multinational diplomatic entity, inverts continentalist dynamics by advancing the counternarrative of the "Blue Pacific Continent" to advocate a pan-Pacific affinity politics countering the climate crisis. However, recent events within the PIF indicate ongoing hegemonies of Polynesia and Melanesia at the expense of Micronesia, revealing another dimension of the fraught nature of defining Pacific regionalism, diplomacy, and who is included in these discussions in the age of the nation-state. This paper argues that learning and thinking "from the edges" of peripheralization offer important lessons about dynamics of place and culture and structures of power and hegemony.
37. Reproductive Justice in the Deep South [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | Embassy West

Organizer: Ashleigh McKinzie, Middle Tennessee State University
Presider: Autumn Rena Martin, University of Louisville
  • Navigating Women's Healthcare in a Post-Dobbs Era: The Maternal and Reproductive Healthcare Crisis in Kentucky and Tennessee. .....Autumn Rena Martin, University of Louisville
  • In this new post-Roe era, there is concern over women’s accessibility to emergency medical care in states with strict abortion bans. Kentucky and Tennessee are both states that have implemented strict abortion legislations that only make exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and the risk of the mother. Scholars have examined how strict abortion legislation can further exacerbate social inequities for women needing this care, as well as create healthcare deserts in these areas, explicitly hindering women in more rural areas (Sanders 2022, Belluck 2022). Along with a lack of accessibility, a discourse in the legislation puts pressure on providers. In cases of emergency intervention, providers raise concerns about defining when the life of the mother is at risk. At what point are providers allowed to intervene without legal repercussions from the state. Finally, note that in Kentucky and Tennessee, religiously affiliated institutions serve many rural areas. The religious doctrine associated with these facilities and the strict abortion legislation further exacerbates accessibility for women in specific geographical locations. This research examines the lack of accessibility to emergency maternal healthcare in Kentucky and Tennessee and how providers are impacted by the legislation. Finally, looking at the religiously affiliated institutions in both states and the geographic locations of healthcare deserts in Kentucky and Tennessee.
  • Subordinate Bodies: The Sociological Ramifications of Recent Supreme Court Decisions. .....Lauren Warren, Centenary College of Louisiana
  • Gender inequality in the U.S. is well documented. Studies have shown how inequality has been encoded in our social institutions and structures, and the codification of hierarchical gender ideology in formal rules, such as laws, reinforces inequal gender dynamics on the level of social interaction. The recent Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health (2022) brought this intersection to the forefront as it caused significant restrictions on women’s bodily autonomy and right to access healthcare. The Supreme Court in decision New York State Rifle and Pistol Association v Bruen (2022) effectively reduced legal protections for women’s bodies. These are the most recent in a pattern of behavior in U.S. society to sustain gender inequality. Sociological processes of gender shape government regulation, and those formal rules shape social thought and interaction. In an interdisciplinary exploration of that mutually reinforcing and reciprocal relationship, this project builds on previous analysis of the named cases by examining court cases at the state-level that were brought as a direct result. Content analysis of those court cases are then examined as sociological data in the form of “social artifacts,” to determine how these artifacts encode, structure, and influence contemporary gender power relations and ideology.
  • Examining Race and Gender Variation in Abortion Opinions. .....Michaela Patsy Robinson, Fisk University; and Meagan Rainock, Fisk University
  • While the majority of Americans favor abortion, the overturning of Roe v. Wade has resulted in many states with limited or no access to abortion. In this ongoing debate over reproductive rights, gender identity plays a significant role in shaping attitudes towards abortion. Past research examining the role of gender often compares men and women, but less is known about the attitudes of nonbinary individuals. Additionally, intersectionality scholars have argued that gender cannot be understood as absent from race. Less research has studied the intersection of race and gender in abortion attitudes. To more fully examine gender variation in political views towards abortion, we analyze a poll of 120,899 individuals from 2022. We examine attitudes towards abortion among White, Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and Asian men, women, and nonbinary individuals. As expected, women express more support towards abortion than men, and nonbinary individuals express the most support. However, this varies significantly by race and ethnicity. Further, we find that the association between race-gender status and abortion support varies by religion, age, and education. We discuss these findings and their implications.
  • Religion in Politics: Evaluating the Influence of Religiosity on State Abortion Bans Post Dobbs. .....Vanessa Greenslade, Southern University
  • This study explores the intersectionality of religiosity and politics in shaping abortion regulations in the United States. The discourse surrounding abortion politics often centers on reproductive rights, including a woman's right to choose; the necessity of abortion as a healthcare procedure for maternal safety and fertility preservation; and the broader rights of citizens to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In 2022, the Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade devolved the decision-making power on abortion legality to individual states. Consequently, numerous states' trigger bans were activated, and other states enacted legislation imposing severe penalties for doctors who perform abortions on women in states that heavily restrict abortion and for women who travel to more abortion protective states to have an abortion. This study employed a categorical regression analysis to evaluate the influence of states’ religiosity and the severity of their abortion policy. The findings of this study indicate that states with less restrictive bans are more likely to be less religious, more educated, and have a higher well-being among their citizens. Further analysis indicates that in many of the states with highly restrictive abortion policies and high religiosity amongst its citizens, the number of abortions was already declining. The findings of this study highlight the need to assess how much influence should religion have on policy decisions.
38. Undergraduate Research III [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | Forum East

Presider: Theresa Clare Davidson, Samford University
  • Gendered Fear of Crime. .....Mary Baker, Samford University
  • This is a study of gendered fear of crime with an emphasis on the “fear of crime paradox”. I consider the impact of popular media, perceptions of the world, and other causes on the fear gap between women and men. Using General Social Survey data for 2018 I find that gender, living alone, happiness level, and education level are all predictive of fear of crime. Future research and implications are discussed.
  • The Relationship between Individualism & Mental Health. .....Katie McGinley, Samford University
  • This study investigates the relationship between individualism on mental health. The hypothesis was that the more one interacts with others, the less poor mental health days they would have. To test hypothesis, data from the General Social Survey of the year 2018 was used. Frequency distributions, bivariate correlations, and linear regressions were run on the data. My hypothesis was partially supported with living with a partner having a significant relationship with having less poor mental health days. Aside from that, the other dependent variables of interacting with friends, neighbors, or relatives, did not have a significant relationship with one’s mental health. Future studies are needed to further understand the relationship one has between their mental health and their interactions and relationships with others.
  • Acculturation vs. Religiosity of Latinos in the U.S.. .....Shaun Patrick O`Neil, Samford University
  • The influx of Latino immigrants complicates the changes in the religious landscape in the U.S. Latin American culture is more collectivist that that of the U.S. and religion, particularly the Catholic religion, is more interwoven into the national culture than any one religion in the U.S. The effect of the U.S. culture on the continuity of faith values and practices among Latino immigrants is valuable for immigrants and also the American church. This study analyzes data from the 2006 Pew Research Forum Changing Faiths, Latinos and the Transformation of American Religion. The body of literature tends to use religiosity as an independent variable that reduces acculturation; however, this study reverses that relationship. Several studies do reveal that as acculturation increases, immigrant religiosity tends to decrease, and my study will further these conclusions by focusing specifically on English language proficiency and identification as an American, the latter which illuminates preferential ethnic and national identification as a predictor of religiosity. Although further investigation is needed to explain unexpected variance in magnitude among control variables in the regression models, the two linear regressions reveal a significant negative relationship between acculturation and religiosity among Latino immigrants in the U.S. in the two predictors.
  • Hispanic Disaggregation and Variation in Social Capital Access. .....Eli Golde, University of Florida
  • Sociological inquiry of race and ethnicity typically takes a monolithic approach when examining Hispanic1 people. Subsequently, much previous research has neglected to fully consider the nuances among ethnic subgroups that fall under the panethnic Hispanic umbrella and their implications for our understanding of social inequality. Our project seeks to understand the ways that stratification into social capital and social mobility maps onto Hispanic subgroups. We use disaggregated data from the US Census Bureau that contains the number of Hispanic people in each zip code in the United States broken down by their country of national origin, along with zip code-level data from the Social Capital Atlas. We ran correlation analyses for 26 different Hispanic groups, in addition to the total Hispanic population, with economic connectedness, or the rate of low-income people with high-income friends. Our results show Mexicans, Guatemalans, and Hondurans were found to have the strongest negative social capital access indicators among Hispanic subgroups, while South Americans and Spaniards were found to have strongest positive associations. Overall, the total Hispanic population tends to live in areas with significantly less social capital access than average. In population proportion-adjusted models, we discovered areas with a low presence of Hispanics had greater social capital access than communities with a high population of Hispanics. Our findings indicate stratification does exist among Hispanic subgroups in access to social capital and economic mobility. Groups with higher average incomes and those who are racialized as closer to White tend to have higher social capital access indicators, suggesting the presence of race and class hierarchies within the Hispanic group.
39. Social and Cultural Capital: Researching Access and Understanding Barriers [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | Forum West

Presider: Ugur Orak, Middle Tennessee State University
  • Morality is Not Blind: A Racialized Approach to Understanding Morality. .....Austin W Ashe, Norfolk State State University
  • Morality has been central to sociology from its inception but had appeared to lose it significance over the years. In 2010, a Handbook of the Sociology of Morality was published calling for a revival of the sociology of morality. Bargheer and Wilson (2018) argue that there are a lot old ideas contained in this version of a “new” sociology of morality with the prefix new being similar to the neo in neoliberalism, and rather than a complete departure, it is a revival self-consciously distancing itself from a simple return. Many of the problems with “new” sociology of morality, such as disciplinary fragmentation and definition confusion could have been avoided or addressed had the handbook explicitly dealt with race. In this study, I offer a racialized framework for understanding morality. By applying this alternative framework that centers the way that racism is embedded in how we think about race, I identify more appropriate measures of morality and compare them across racial groups using data from the General Social Survey. Early findings suggest that there are significant racial differences in perceptions of morality related to policing and experiences with discrimination. Further research is necessary to understand the ways that morality continues to be racialized.
  • Culture of Poverty: Meta-Axiological Dilemma as Occludent to Social Capital Development. .....Sundjata ibn-Hyman, Coppin State University
  • This paper examines the culture of poverty in Baltimore in areas targeted for gentrification heavily influence crime as a rational alternative choice for economic agency. Culture is presented as a cybernetic model of human development whose logistical arrangement of interpretative “deep structural” axioms organize the scope and nature of social behaviors (inclusive symbols, language, customs) and informs a general design for living. This richer elaboration of culture as an evidence-based measure of social capital is applied to reimagine more effective approaches to urban juvenile crime reduction. This treatment and application of culture offers greater analytical insight for programming social capital interventions as an added investment in areas targeted for economic redevelopment that actually improve resiliency among dysfunctional urban families whose parenting is often implicated in the etiology of juvenile delinquency.
  • Veteran Food Insecurity: Social and Structural Barriers to Accessing Food Assistance Programs after Military Service.. .....Jimmy Joe Esquibel, Oklahoma State University
  • In 2021, a report by the USDA discovered that working-age veterans were at 7.4 percent greater risk for food insecurity – lack of consistent access to safe, nutritious food for a healthy and active life – than working-age non-veterans and that veterans were less likely to utilize food assistance programs. This study draws on 20 interviews with veterans who are currently or have experienced food insecurity since leaving active-duty military service to better understand social and structural factors that may explain why veterans are less likely to utilize food assistance services. Drawing on the Theory of Access and Bordieuan concepts of habitus, capital, fields, and hysteresis, this study draws focus to the Military to Civilian Transition (MCT) period of a veteran’s life. Veterans stated that the lack of transition programs hindered their social reintegration with civilians, making it challenging for them to secure employment and maintain social networks, which contributed to food insecurity and underutilizing food assistance programs. This paper attempts to integrate the Theory of Access with Bourdieu in a way that explains how power dynamics from one field, the military, can affect access to resources in another field, the civilian, specifically the ability to access food assistance resources.
  • Influences of Poverty. .....Amari Geneva Brown, Norfolk State University
  • In this study, I am exploring how poverty continues to disproportionately impact Black people in the United States. Although there is considerable research that highlights these disparities there remain questions regarding the breadth of the impact of experiencing poverty. My presentation, titled "Influences of Poverty," examines the critical question: What are the influences of poverty on Black Americans? The focus of my research is to analyze how the economic system plays a central role in perpetuating poverty among Black communities. My hypothesis suggests that the economic structure, rather than individual behavior, is the dominant force behind the persistence of poverty in these populations. Moreover, I explore how external factors, such as policy changes and social interventions, can influence and potentially alleviate impoverished conditions. Understanding the economic roots of poverty for Black Americans is vital because it sheds light on the systemic barriers they face and how these barriers exacerbate inequality. If we can grasp how deeply the economic system affects this community, we can advocate for more effective policies that drive social and economic change. My research aims to add to the existing knowledge by exploring this dynamic in more depth, offering insights into potential solutions and inspiring further investigation into how these systems can be reformed to better serve marginalized groups. This work can contribute to creating more equitable economic opportunities for all.
  • Hot Dog Consumption in the Mountain State. .....Boniface Noyongoyo, Marshall University
  • Food is an essential part of life. It is needed for surviving and thriving. Throughout centuries, societies around the globe have created menus and eaten what is deemed appropriate for its members. Huntington is no exception. However, one characteristic of the area is the consumption of hot dogs. There are many places in the Tri-State area that have their own fans or regulars who swear by either one or two elements served that attract them. Thus, hot dogs break the divide between all classes and races and ages. Consumers of hot dogs in Huntington swear by their favorite spot despite what others say about it. Consequently, debates are still going on about which place is better than the other. Using a survey, interview and literature review, we explore reasons beyond choices and fidelity of consumers in the area. Factors that influence the choice of a joint are knowledge of the place, relationship to older generation, types of ingredients offered as toppings, and personal taste. Younger generations are more likely to go to the same place because of their memory of being there with a grandparent or wanting to relive memories in the family even though cost and taste are appealing to some participants. No matter the class, choices still very personal. Hence, this paper examines the perceptions and current data about hot dogs’ consumption in Huntington and the area.
40. Creating an Individualized Development Plan for Promotion and Tenure [Workshop]
Friday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | International

Organizer: Erin L Rider, Nevada State University
Presider: Erin L Rider, Nevada State University
This session will help faculty, and grad students, develop a 1-5 year plan for promotion and tenure. We will focus on identifying tasks by promotability and building in accountability. Further we will create a useful time management plan to achieve work/life balance and reduce burnout.
Quiet Room
Friday | 8:00 am-5:00 pm | Johnson
This room is open as a quiet space to work on projects or step away from the noise of the conference.
Registration
Friday | 8:00 am-5:00 pm | Promenade
41. Outside the Box: New, Creative, or Innovative Approaches to Social Research [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Embassy West

Organizer: Stephen Davis, Arizona State University
Presider: Stephen Davis, Arizona State University
  • Fixed Points for Relative Sociology: The New Technology Approach. .....Christopher Elliott, UNCW
  • This paper offers a critical framework for future technologies by reconciling sociology’s problem of dualism. This will be necessary for sociology to remain critical as the machine learning of data-built environments advances. By synthesizing theoretical physic’s spatial-temporal materiality, anthropological research regarding the reflexive rationality of human systems’ origins, David Chalmer’s consciousness, and Henri Lefebrve’s character of modern space, this paper develops the “new technology approach" by arguing that humans once embodied the macro structures producing social space. Understanding why this situation no longer exists is essential for developing an effective critical theory of machine “learning” technologies. In the year 1648, nation-states systems converged to develop a synthetic syntax encompassing global space for recursive reproduction. Bureaucracies cast in this space are the original machine learning tools, and all others may be traced to the problems of centralizing this intelligence. In the dynamics of power implicated, how humans embody space reversed. Here, we may specify fixed points for conceptualizing the origins of types of dualistic structures humans must embody. An epistemology for distinguishing how human (and artificial) systems embody technologies producing social space is described.
  • Museums, Stadiums, & the Potential of Public Places in Sociological Research. .....J. Sumerau, University of Tampa
  • Especially interested in the "40. Outside the Box: New, Creative, or Innovative Approaches to Social Research" listed on the Seeking Papers Page: This paper reflects on the usage of conventional public gathering spaces for the purposes of sociological research. Drawing on two ethnographic studies undertaken before and after the onset of COVID-19, I discuss (1) the potential for public spaces to facilitate the sociological observation and analyses of varied groups and practices; (2) the usefulness of building upon Erving Goffman’s Behavior in Public Places (1963) to ascertain the logic and levels of contemporary public gatherings; and (3) the benefits and limitations of these observations for sociology more broadly. To this end, I provide examples of some ways researchers may utilize, for example, stadiums, museums, public markets, concert venues, festivals, and parks as salient settings for sociological analysis. In so doing, I offer some concrete suggestions for out of the box thinking about and observation of contemporary social life.
  • Minding the Gap: Client Professionalization of End-of-Life Doulas. .....Sarah Beth Donley, Jacksonville State University ; and Casey Fannin, Jacksonville State University
  • While emerging research explores professionalism and professionalization in neo-professions, personal service occupations, and lifestyle work such as consulting, life coaching, and concierge services, these occupations are largely separated from organizational work settings, unlike end-of-life doulas. Research on new professionalization also extends into deathcare, examining spiritual healers, chaplains, and EOL doula trainers connected to credentialing organizations such as the International End-of-Life Doula Association. What is missing from the study of professionalization in end-of-life care is an exploration of professionalization projects at the micro level, specifically from the perspectives of EOL doulas and their day-to-day working experiences. Professionalization scholarship encourages research in contexts that explore how professionalization occurs through client interactions. Utilizing Salman’s client professionalization typology (2019), this paper explores how 23 EOL doulas working and living in the U.S. establish occupational legitimacy through professional rhetoric, by differentiating themselves from similar deathcare occupations, and how they establish expertise through relational knowledge and experiences.
  • Using Quantitative Ethnography and Epistemic Network Analysis to Explore Social and STEM Identity. .....Nastassia N. Jones, Southern University and A&M College
  • Quantitative Ethnography utilizes quantitative tools within ethnography to support and analyze social phenomena. This study uses Epistemic Network Analysis as a QE tool for examining discourse patterns from adolescents in Ghana, Kenya, and the USA who are participants in a virtual, collaborative STEM informal learning program. The quantified data set is from student interviews conducted between March and December 2023. ENA was created for the purpose of modeling cognitive networks and thinking, and supports connections between related elements in addition to frequency or presence (Shaffer et al., 2016). Initial examination of the subtracted ENA network models reveal that the American students had a focus on personality traits that were connected to sports and extracurricular activities. With this, their identity development was most influenced by psychological and environmental components. On the other hand, African students' identity development is impacted more so by psychological components, such as personality, and have been connected to social components, such as publicly speaking and self-efficacy in STEM skills. This study and the preliminary assessments give insight into the ways schooling has shaped the identities of students, so that we can better understand the role that informal learning can enhance their positive social and STEM identities.
  • Corporate Leadership in a Racist Community: Integrating the Sociological Histories of Coffee, Slavery, and the Klan at Nashville’s Maxwell House Hotel (1859-1961). .....Stephen Davis, Arizona State University
  • For a century the Maxwell House Hotel was a civic center in a community deeply fractured along racial lines, functioning as a node for corporate, military, and political leaders from its antebellum inauguration through its destruction in the Civil Rights Era. Slavery was a key factor in the creation of the hotel as well as in the growing and shipping of the coffee which eventually took the hotel’s name. Using the original Nashville hotel (1859-1961) as a fulcrum, this paper examines the intersections of the institutions of slavery and the Ku Klux Klan with coffee as a global commodity in the 19th century, integrating perspectives from leadership theory, history, sociology, anthropology, and cultural geography.
42. Undergraduate Research IV [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Forum East

Organizer: Meredith Huey Dye, Middle Tennessee State University
Presider: Umang Dhingra, Duke University
  • Protecting the American Family: Preserving Familial Intimacy and Cohesiveness during Parental Incarceration. .....Umang Dhingra, Duke University
  • An increasing subsect of the American population is or has been incarcerated. And of those who are incarcerated, about half are parents of minor children (Ghandnoosh, 2021). These children are exposed to substance abuse, mental health issues, and violence early on in their lives (Lee et. al., 2013; Boch & Ford, 2018). There exist well-documented connections between parental incarceration and the child struggling with mental health concerns (Lee et. al., 2013). Furthermore, the family as a cohesive unit often becomes threatened when a parent is incarcerated. There are barriers that the incarcerated parent encounters in staying an active member of the family– keeping up with their family, parenting and maintaining a relationship with their partner/spouse, all come significantly under threat, even if a person wants to maintain them (Apel, 2016; Siegel & Napolitano, 2021). Given that incarceration rates are incredibly high and continue to increase, this demands support from a policy perspective. This paper analyses the impact of parental incarceration for the prisoner and the family at various life stages, and studies current options to preserve cohesiveness. A specific policy, Family Connections, is considered, showing why implementing it on a larger scale can improve outcomes for families.
  • Long-Term Economic and Financial Effects of School Bullying. .....Naman Kumar, Ransom Everglades School; and Yosef Bonaparte, University of Colorado at Denver
  • This paper examines the long-term economic and financial consequences of exposure to high school bullying in the United States. We find that over 50% of individuals either act as a bully or are bullied, and both groups experience relatively worse long-term outcomes. Specifically, compared to the mean income-level, bullies have 6% lower income, with those who are bullied earning 12% lower. The adverse impact of bullying on income is greater (15%) among women. Further, individuals who bully are unlikely to attain a post-graduate degree and trust financial markets less. Consequently, they are 7% less likely to invest in the stock market. In contrast, individuals who get bullied are 8% more likely to attain a post-graduate degree, although they attain a lower income boost from this degree. Together, these results indicate that school bullying has significant negative long-term impacts on both the bully and the bullied.
  • Toy Story: A Content Analysis of Sex Toys. .....Fletcher Nicholas Wilson, University of Alabama in Huntsville
  • My proposed paper discusses racial and gender stereotypes and analyzes how marketing in retail spaces both online and in person relates to social sexual scripts. Drawing from these sexual scripts, I explain the differences between realistic adult toys within their packaging and descriptions. From January 2024 to May 2024, I conducted a content analysis of the products and their marketing to examine for language or naming conventions that lent themselves to the inclusion of gendered sexual scripts. I examined three online retailers and three in person retail locations in Huntsville, AL. I examined realistic, flesh tone, non-vibrating dildos, strokers and sex dolls from the stores and recorded the number of products available and the number of skin tones available. Findings were that dildos are more likely to have descriptions that evoke power and dominance, and strokers and dolls were more likely to have language that painted them as submissive. While looking at the descriptions, I noted that toys modeled after women, namely strokers and sex dolls, had language that evoked smallness and submission. Meanwhile, toys modeled after men, such as dildos, had language that spoke of largeness and power.
  • Autism and BDSM: The Impact of Communication within Sexual Scripts. .....Alex Watts, University of Georgia
  • In past and present research on sexuality, Autistic individuals are often overlooked, contributing to the stigmatization of the sexuality and infantilization of those on the Autism Spectrum. This has resulted in sexual challenges exacerbated by a lack of appropriate sexual education. This review of current literature questions the ways the traditional sexual script can be altered to suit the needs of autistic individuals and in what ways the structures of Bondage, Discipline/Dominance, Sadism/Submission, and Masochism (BDSM) can support autistic individuals. This proposal posits that the traditional sexual script must be restructured to meet the structural and relational needs of autistic individuals and by extension increase the quality of sexual activity amongst autistic individuals. Through an exploration of current literature, I theorize that the communication norms, explicit roles, gender exploration, and sensory activities valued by many autistic people may fit well within a BDSM structure. Given the broad lack of strengths-based research on autistic sexual needs, analyzing the connection between these needs and whether they may be met by a BDSM structure is important. Expansions on this idea could make significant strides in empowering autistic communities and deconstructing harmful stigmas surrounding autistic sexuality.
43. Media, Music, and Popular Culture [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Forum West

Organizer: Ruth Chananie, University of Tampa
Presider: Ruth Chananie, University of Tampa
  • Creepy Comics and Rostow's Stages of Development: Construction of the Underdeveloped Third World in Horror Comics. .....Stanley Adam Veitch, Tuskegee University
  • In 1960, W.W. Rostow published his influential work on international development: The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. Four years later, a new horror magazine named Creepy was launched by Warren Publishing, featuring an anthology format of black-and-white horror stories across many subgenres. Both of these publications helped construct the popular imagination of what ‘third world’ countries looked like from the 1960s through the 1970s. Rostow explained international development as a series of stages, of which the U.S. was the final pinnacle for poor societies to aim for. Within the pages of Creepy, stories focused on the lack of cultural development of third world countries as a backdrop or even cause of the horror within the story was relatively common. This study examines every issue of the original Creepy run from 1964 until 1983 for themes on underdevelopment within the third world as viewed by American writers, artists, and publishers within the realm of popular horror.
  • “She-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named”: Examining Identity and Behavior Change in the Harry Potter Fandom. .....Tierra James, Auburn University; Jacob Church, Jacksonville State University; Brianna Turgeon, Jacksonville State University; Leonela Martinez Ramirez, Jacksonville State University; Ariel Vicars, Jacksonville State University; and Alicia Carter, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
  • We examine how Harry Potter fans negotiate their identities after the author, J.K. Rowling, wrote multiple transphobic posts on Twitter. We answer the questions of (1) whether Rowling’s social media posts about gender impacted fans’ identities and behavior and, if so, (2) what factors affected the choices fans made about whether or how to continue being a fan. To do this, we present findings from survey data collected 2022-2023. Using t-tests and ordinary least squares regression, we analyze changes to respondents’ identification as a Harry Potter fan and how their engagement with the Wizarding World universe changed. The t-tests and respondents’ shifts in media consumption and participation in fan activity confirm that Rowling’s social media posts impacted fan identity and behavior. Overall, our respondents were less likely to identify as Harry Potter fans and less likely to participate in or consume Harry Potter activities or media, respectively, after the author’s transphobic comments. Our analysis shows that largely, fans' disengagement from the fandom is driven by the importance of Harry Potter to their overall identity, their perspective of canceling, and demographics. Our results build upon scholarship on cancelation, identity, and fandom by describing why people may disengage from a fandom.
  • Myth, Media, and Motorsport: A Qualitative Document Analysis of Stock Car Racing's Regional Identity. .....Joshua Vadeboncoeur, Gardner-Webb University
  • Sociological inquiry into stock car racing often centers on the mythologized Southern roots of the sport, particularly its supposed connections to moonshine culture and rural identity. This research challenges these perceptions by uncovering the broader cultural and regional dynamics that shaped the sport long before NASCAR’s emergence in the 1940s. Utilizing a qualitative document analysis of nationally popular general interest magazines from the late-1940s to the early-1970s, the study explores how stock car racing was portrayed in mainstream American media and how these portrayals have contributed to the construction of regional identities and cultural myths. The analysis reveals that stock car racing had already established itself as an organized sport across the American South. This finding disrupts the conventional narrative of NASCAR as the sole progenitor of the sport and highlights the role of media in shaping collective memory and identity. By situating the sport within the broader context of American cultural and regional identity, this research offers a sociological perspective on the intersection of sport, myth, and social stratification. The study argues for a more nuanced understanding of stock car racing’s history, emphasizing how cultural myths and media representations have perpetuated regional stereotypes and influenced the sport’s sociocultural significance.
  • The Role of Macroaggressions in the “Blind Curtain” Selection Process of National Symphony Orchestras: A Symbolic Interactionist’s Perspective. .....Edward Sanford, Tennessee State University
  • Symphonies across America and indeed the world in the 21st century still do not have inclusive excellence of African Americans string musicians in the orchestras. Prior to the 1970s, the lack of women not being included or represented was also an issue, and the process of a “Blind Curtain” allowed the increase of women in different instrumental positions within orchestras across America. The perception of an objective selection process has not allowed inclusive excellence of African Americans even though there are a significant number of classically trained string and other orchestral musicians qualified through conservatories throughout the United States and around the world. Currently African-Americans make up 1.8 percent of orchestras nationwide, while Hispanics make up 2.5 percent, according to an industry-wide study. College of Public Service and Urban Affairs 3500 John A Merritt Blvd., Box 9513 Nashville, TN 37209-1561 (615) 963-5511 https://www.nbcnews.com/.../lack-diversity-top-orchestras-remains-major-challenge-m Culturally, America as a society loses by this lack of inclusive excellence. The visible absence of people of color in an orchestra denies aspiring musicians’ access to role models and the expectations of a seat on the stage. Likewise, the orchestra halls audiences reflect the lack of diversity. Jeri Lynne Johnson, founder of the Black Pearl Chamber Orchestra, acknowledges that, “The most effective tool for diversifying the audience is having a diverse group of people on stage”. Simply put, expecting that repeatedly using the same process will yield a different result should suggest that an innovative method is needed for inclusive excellence of African American representation in American orchestras in general, and the Nashville Symphony Orchestra (NSO) specifically. The Project: Goals and Anticipated Outcomes Digital Humanities (DH) is cutting-edge technology designed to reach virtually unlimited numbers of viewers worldwide. The proposed project will be a compilation of photographs, other digital images, and music to depict a chronological timeline of discriminatory practices used against African Americans. The presentation is designed to demonstrate the persistence of systemic macroaggressions and subtle exclusionary tactics, such as the “Blind Curtain”, that continue to prevent full inclusion of African Americans into our society. This approach of presenting a sensitive and complex issue of racism in an innovative way will show how macroaggressions are present in a selection process that traditionally has been viewed as fair. The project will also address the financial aspect of the lack of inclusive excellence in symphony orchestras. This is an attempt to show that the current selection system is less than fair, and has far-reaching limitations, which may include empty seats in an orchestra hall due to the lack of a diverse orchestra. People are more receptive and willing to participate when they are able to see themselves as included and part of the bigger picture. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/.../chineke-europe-s-first-majority-black-orchestra Goal 1: To utilize DH to uncover the imbedded nature of prejudice and racism’s impact on discrimination practices of not allowing African American representation in America’s symphonies and NSO. Outcome 1. Increased global awareness of America’s historical discriminatory practices used to exclude African Americas from full participation in every aspect of society. Goal 2: To use DH as a methodology to state the problem of little to no African American string players or other qualified musicians in symphonies across America, including the Nashville Symphony Orchestra. Outcome 2: The recognition and acknowledgement of the lack of African American orchestra members by the national and international public in general, and members and leaders of American symphony orchestras in particular. Goal 3: To use DH to visually demonstrate the financial advantage of inclusive excellence of having an innovative selection process of including qualified African American string musicians and other musicians in orchestras across America and NSO. Outcome 3. Symphony orchestras that are willing to implement inclusive excellence of African Americans will benefit financially by increased participation and attendance by underrepresented minority groups.
  • Consumer Perspectives on True Crime Media Representations. .....Kailee E.D. Lancaster, University of North Carolina Wilmington
  • This project examines the phenomenon of true crime consumption. Using a decolonial feminist cultural criminological lens; it critically analyzes the power, sensationalism, and overall interest true crime holds. Due to these factors and the continued growth of the genre, misrepresentations of crime and individuals have become a concern. The push for colonial and fearmongering narratives is a consequence of the continued use of misrepresentations. There is a particular focus on the race, class, and gender identities of consumers and how this influences their consumption. This qualitative study will investigate how representations influence public perceptions, consumption habits, and opinions surrounding true crime media. It challenges the perpetuation of stereotypes and misinformation. Lastly, this project advocates for media accountability as well as equitable and accurate representations.
44. Maintaining an Active Research Agenda at a Teaching Institution [Panel]
Friday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Embassy East

Organizers: Jessica Abbott, Utah Tech University; Aaron Rowland, University of Tennessee-Martin;
This panel is comprised of faculty at teaching institutions who will provide tips, guidance, and other ideas for maintaining an active research agenda. Audience participation is encouraged.

Panelists:
  • Jessica Abbott, Utah Tech University;
  • Aaron Rowland, University of Tennessee-Martin;
  • Brett Lehman, Auburn University at Montgomery;
  • John McCollum, Southwestern Community College;
45. Race, Social Media, and Politics [Panel]
Friday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | International

Organizer: Marcus Brooks, Western Kentucky University
Presider: Melanie Anne Escue , University of North Carolina at Pembroke
  • Which Black Lives Matter?: An Examination of Black Conservative Views on Abortion and Policing. .....Keziah Monk, Western Kentucky University
  • This presentation will explore the contradiction between how Black conservatives frame their support for pro-Life policies in comparison with tough on crime rhetoric. Drawing on qualitative data of Black conservative social media users, I find that Black conservatives frame their pro-life views, not in religion as is typical with white pro-lifers, but as part of their overall perspective that Black life should be protected. Despite this perspective, Black conservatives will support state violence with endangers Black lives.
  • Colorblind Nationalism: Toward a New Theory of New Racism for the Modern United States. .....Marcus Brooks, Western Kentucky University
  • This presentation explores the theoretical and practical limitations of continuing to use Bonilla-Silva's concept of Colorblind Racism in light of changing social, demographic, and technological changes in U.S. society. Researchers tend to resolve contradictions in New Racism and colorblindness theorizing at the micro and meso levels, focusing on how individuals alter their behaviors in different social conditions. I develop Colorblind Nationalism as an adjunct theory to New Racism which described a particular ideology and style of conservative racetalk and which resolves, at the macro-level, contradictions in New Racism. Colorblind Nationalism is a framework for understanding how changing material conditions are altering ideologies about the racialized distribution of resources, especially at the macro level where structural conflicts center on group membership, state resources, and national inclusion.
  • A Sociological Glimpse into America’s Future if Project 2025 is Enacted. .....Robert K. Perkins, Norfolk State University; Cameron Foreman, Norfolk State University; and Micaiah Stephens, Norfolk State University
  • The Thomas theorem is a sociological theory that states that people’s actions are determined by their subjective interpretation of a situation, rather than objective reality or provable facts. It further emphasizes that “things are real if they are real in their consequences.” Thus, ideas and perceived ideologies are very real because they lead to manifest and latent consequences. The Thomas theorem is central to the symbolic interactionism theoretical framework and the understanding that a self-fulfilling prophecy is one where a false idea can become true if people act upon it. For example, suppose a person falsely believes they are being stalked. In that case, they may act violently to protect themselves where there is no threat. Credible evidence illustrates that most Americans vote in national elections based on their perceptions rather than facts. Thus, if a candidate is savvy enough to convince people that the world is impending a violent end if they are not elected, people will vote for them without evidence of a threat to the country or America’s way of life. This sociological research explores specific tenets of the Republican party’s proposal for a new American called Project 2025, also known as the 2025 Presidential Transition Project. Specifically, we will critically analyze the potential impact on four of America’s major social institutions (Family, Education, Criminal Justice and the Economy) if the proposal were enacted. In addition, we plan to utilize our sociological imaginations to hypothesize how America will be advantaged or disadvantaged by Project 2025 tenets. The sociological imagination enables people to be self-reflective and relate to other people, history, or societal structures. We will adhere to this definition for this project and expand on it by imagining the implications on a macro (societal) level.
  • Ethnic Demographics in Focus: A 2020 U.S. Census Study of Turkish and Kurdish Communities. .....Ismail Yigit, Tennessee State University
  • According to federal standards set by the Office of Management and Budget in 1997 regarding race and ethnicity classification, people with Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) backgrounds are classified as White. However, many individuals with MENA backgrounds do not identify as White or any other listed category. During the 2020 U.S. Census, people were allowed to identify with their ethnic and racial identities even if they were not listed in the official U.S. classification of race and ethnicity. A study by Marks et al. (2023) showed that over 2.5 million people in the U.S. identified themselves as MENA alone. Although the population size of MENA individuals is almost twice that of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders alone, many federal surveys do not provide population statistics or other important information about MENA people, including education levels, socioeconomic status, and health outcomes (Jones et al., 2021). From this perspective, the current study will explore in detail the 2020 U.S. Census responses of two ethnic groups, namely Turkish and Kurdish people, focusing on their demographic information.
46. Homicide Studies [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Embassy East

Organizer: John Boulahanis, Southeastern Louisiana University
Presider: John Boulahanis, Southeastern Louisiana University
  • Tarnowsky: Exposing her influence on theories of homicide.. .....Lin Huff-Corzine, University of Central Florida; and Kayla Toohy, University of Tampa
  • In the new English translation of Les Femmes Homicides coming out in November, we provide the first opportunity for readers of English to look back at Tarnowsky’s study of women who committed homicide during the mid-to late-1800s in Russia. Her influence on encouraging Lombroso’s de-emphasis on the born criminal in his theory of crime is clear. In addition, Tarnowsky’s inclusion of Morel’s heredity and Lacassagne’s social factors theories as offering explanations for the homicides committed by the 160 women included in her study meant that she led the way in criminological theory development and integration during the late 1800s and early 1900s. In this presentation, we provide a preview of Tarnowsky’s theory development, immaculate methodology, and selected findings.
  • Homicide Cases: Examining Exceptionally Cleared to Open Cases. .....John Boulahanis, Southeastern Louisiana University
  • Law enforcement personnel have historically had difficulties solving homicide cases, When an offender is identified and a lawful arrest is made, the case is officially cleared and closed. However, at times, an offender is identified, but for a variety of reasons, an arrest is not possible. If police believe that they have identified the suspect and are not able to make an arrest, they have the ability to exceptionally clear the case and consider it closed. This study examines exceptionally cleared cases to open cases by comparing variables such as race of the victim, age of the victim, gender of the victim, and circumstances leading to the homicide. Additionally, geographical location is used to examine differences in the spatial distribution of cases. While previous studies have examined exceptionally cleared to cleared cases resulting in an arrest, no study to my knowledge, examines exceptionally cleared to open homicide cases.
  • Segregation and its Impact on Hispanic Homicide: The Use of the Index of Qualitative Variation as a Measure of Internal Hispanic Segregation.. .....Michael Bisciglia, Southeastern Louisiana University
  • Research investigating the relationship between segregation and crime has been extensively examined in the literature. Although numerous studies have looked at segregation’s influence on homicides, most have been limited in two ways. First, although there has been a growing body of research examining the influence of segregation as it relates to Hispanic homicides historically research has focused on African Americans. Second, studies which do examine Hispanic homicides are typically limited by the fact that they are treated as a single category, rather than unique individual ethnic groups. Using data from data from the U.S. Census and the CDC mortality files, this study extends current research on Hispanic segregation and homicide victimization through an examination of a within ethnicity measure of segregation (Index of Qualitative Variation). By looking at cities with Hispanic populations greater than 2000, then a subsequent examination of cities who have more than 2000 Hispanics classified as either Mexican, Puerto Rican or Other Hispanics, we determine that this within ethnicity measure of segregation is practical for the examination of urban areas with high concentrations of Hispanics of Mexican origin. As a further exploration of these data we perform a secondary analysis of urban areas where Hispanics comprise a majority of the overall population to determine if reaching this critical mass also impacts this internal measure of segregation.
47. Sexuality, Gender, and Policy [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Embassy West

Organizer: Andrea Nicole Hunt, University of North Alabama
Presider: Andrea Nicole Hunt, University of North Alabama
  • "I thought I was just a late bloomer": Exploring asexual people's experiences of identity and community. .....Jennifer Patrice Sims, University of Alabama in Huntsville; and Jess Walter, University of Alabama-Huntsville
  • While research into asexuality has expanded - albeit slowly - in the last few decades, its focus remains largely on the experiences of white asexual women. To counter that trend and explore how race might influence a person’s experience of asexuality, this presentation describes a case study on the experiences of a mixed-race asexual woman. The project was conducted using interview data, which was thematically coded into nine categories, covering the participant’s experiences with education, dating, coming out, interactions with strangers, and other life events. Our results were counter to expectation at every turn. The entirely separate formation of her racial and sexual identities, their differing salience in her life, and overall positive responses from others regarding her asexuality all set this woman’s experiences apart from prior research. Our work highlights the ways racism and classism may influence the life course of an asexual person, and it proposes that colorblindness in asexuality research is limiting scholarly understanding of this often overlooked queer identity.
  • Tying Down Safety: A Gender-Based Analysis of BDSM Product Reviews. .....Tina Deshotels, Jacksonville State University
  • This research paper investigates the insights provided by product reviews of BDSM (Bondage, Discipline, Dominance, Submission, Sadism, and Masochism) gear concerning quality, safety, and consumer preferences, with a specific focus on gender dynamics. Through a qualitative content analysis of verified reviews on Amazon, the study examines whether reviews differ based on the gender to which products are marketed and explores the extent to which reviewers comment on gender and sex. By analyzing reviews of bondage gear and accessories targeted towards both men and women, the research seeks to identify recurring themes and assess how discussions of quality, safety, and preference vary according to the gender of the reviewer (when disclosed) and the intended gender audience of the product. The findings aim to shed light on the BDSM community's focus on safety and how these concerns might differ across gender lines. The implications of this study are significant for practitioners of BDSM, individuals exploring the practice, and broader societal debates on the acceptance or stigmatization of BDSM. Understanding these dynamics can contribute to more informed discussions about the safety standards and preferences within the BDSM community, ultimately guiding both consumer choices and public perception.
  • The Gendered Agency Penalty in the Race for the U.S. Presidency. .....Christianne Marie Corbett, University of Arkansas
  • Women remain underrepresented in political leadership in the United States and throughout the world. Despite recent scholarship showing that women and men win at equal rates for many elected positions, women still face distinctive obstacles as candidates. A substantial body of experimental evidence indicates that women are penalized when they aspire to top leadership positions, a paramount example of which is the uniquely powerful U.S. presidency, a position a woman has never held. One explanation for the penalties people levy on women aspiring to leadership roles is the mismatch between expectations of leaders (to be agentic; i.e., assertive, independent, instrumental) and of women (to be communal; i.e., interpersonally oriented, showing care for others). In this paper, we explore the shape and size of the agency penalty levied on women candidates for U.S. president drawing on unique data from a survey experiment fielded on a probability sample of approximately 2,000 U.S. registered voters in September, 2019, the first time multiple women were serious contenders for the presidential nomination for a major U.S. political party. Voters assessed 1 of 8 of the leading candidates in the race at that time (4 men and 4 women: Joe Biden, Cory Booker, Pete Buttigieg, Bernie Sanders, Kirsten Gillibrand, Kamala Harris, Amy Klobuchar, or Elizabeth Warren) after reading an agentic or communal statement attributed to the candidate. Findings show that voters penalized both men and women candidates when they used agentic, “I”, language, and that this penalty was greater for women candidates. These results are driven by older women voters who are more conservative and/or do not have a college degree, the only groups for whom we found evidence of a gendered agency penalty that reached conventionally accepted thresholds of statistical significance. This study provides new information in a real-world context about the penalty women seeking top leadership positions face for non-gender-normative communication and the groups most likely to impose a gendered agency penalty.
48. Undergraduate Research V [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Forum East

Presider: Kristie Perry, Southern University and A&M College
  • Seven Deadly Sins in Fashion: Exploring the Intersectionality of Religion, Clothing, and Emotions. .....Janeice Allen, Southern University and A&M College
  • Ja’Neice Allen MSSA23 Submission August 31, 2023 Abstract In the age of material world glorification, society has normalized many traits that some might deem as negative. These traits we [society] possess can then be transferred into sectors of our everyday life, like dress. The religious theology “Seven Deadly Sins” helps connect the complexities of our subconscious (or conscious) traits, how we are perceived, and ultimately how they affect our dress. A mixed method approach is used to investigate the relevancy and utilization of the Seven Deadly Sins throughout this research using a convenient sample of young college students. This study examines the Seven Deadly Sins by explaining the significance of the sins, examples of these sins in dress, and the psycho-sociological behaviors that are created as a response of this intersectionality. This study was undertaken in an effort to bring awareness of this unique phenomenon, and locating it within an intersectionality framework to explain the unique experience of the individual and the society around us. Keywords: Fashion, psycho-social behaviors, religion, emotions, symbolic expressions
  • An Exploration of Voter Apathy in Louisiana: Implications for Policy. .....Jareh Buchanan, Southern University and A&M College
  • Jareh Buchanan Southern University and A&M College Abstract Voter apathy has been identified as an issue of concern in the state of Louisiana for a relatively long time. In the last elections, which featured races for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, secretary of state, attorney general including several local government seats — Louisiana recorded an historically low voter turnout. This outcome confounded experts who are still searching for answers for the historical low voter participation. With the 2024 election looming in the political horizon, political pundits see this election as an interesting one given its historical nature with the representation of the first ever female Vice President, Kamala Harris, and Former President Trump. Since voter turnout and participation is one of the most pertinent efforts taken by citizens of any democracy, it is important to understand the correlates of voter apathy particularly in the state of Louisiana. This study employs quantitative methodology to analyze the responses of a convenient sample of Baton Rouge, LA residents, and locates the issue of voter apathy within the framework of rational choice theory. This study is a timely one, and has implications for policy. Keywords: voting, race, politics, social class, equity
  • An Assessment of Foreign Language Exposure and Media Consumption. .....Ashanti Scott, Southern University and A&M College
  • An Assessment of Foreign Language Exposure and Media Consumption Ashanti Scott Southern University and A&M College Abstract People in the United States are consuming more foreign language media. This is an interesting phenomenon that requires attention and study. Media, language and culture are all intertwined with one another, as when new media emerges language changes to fit the format that form of media takes, and vice versa. Both media and language spread culture, so then it reaches a wider audience and can influence people in a way. This study was located within the symbolic interactionism framework and utilized a quantitative methodology to analyze data from a convenient sample at a local university. Preliminary findings found a correlation between foreign language exposure and media consumption. This study has implications for media research. Keywords: Language, media, Foreign Language Exposure, Sociology, Symbolic Interactionism
  • Addressing Reparative Justice for Black Louisiana Slave Descendants with Implications for Public Policy. .....Marshall Wilson, Southern University and A&M College
  • Marshall Wilson Southern University and A&M College Abstract Examining the history of slavery and the course of life to date that slave descendants have endured helps us understand complicated issues in correlation to why Black slave descendants in Louisiana should receive reparations. In this thesis, Critical Race Theory (CRT) serves as the theoretical framework, which explains how structural traumas, economic disparities, and the impact of time and reparations has shaped the lives of Black slave descendants and is rooted in the historical context of slavery, segregation, and discrimination. Critical Race Theory provides that racial injustice is not solely the product of individual prejudice but is embedded in societal structures, policies, and institutions. This research paper aims to play a substantial role in the continuous national conversation on the justification of reparations and emphasize why a Louisiana Reparations task force should be appointed to further complete the research required to ensure Black Louisiana slave descendants receive reparations. Using a mixed method approach fifty transcribed interviews from former slaves recorded in the 1940s by the Works Progress Administration, now digitized from the Louisiana Digital Library, capture perspectives on reparations and formal mechanisms for addressing past injustices. The results of this study show how reparations help to rectify the historical ongoing injustices faced by Louisiana Black slave descendants and provide an outline on how to dismantle structures that perpetuate racial inequality. Keywords: reparations, Critical Race Theory, race inequity, Louisiana, slavery, wealth gap
  • An Assessment of Hospice Care on Patients Quality of Life. .....Ashton Merrett, Southern University and A&M College
  • Abstract This qualitative study explores the benefits of hospice care through focus group discussions with 50 patients in Louisiana who have experienced hospice care, palliative care, and nursing home services. The study examines how these different care settings impact the well-being and dignity of terminally ill patients. An exploratory approach was used with focus groups assessing patients' circumstantial happiness and satisfaction in each care environment. The discussions focused on patient experiences, emotions, and perceptions of care quality. This study demonstrates the significant advantages of hospice care in Louisiana, highlighting its role in enhancing the quality of life for terminally ill patients by preserving dignity and offering compassionate, individualized care in their final days.
49. Author Meets Curious Readers: Gratuitous Angst in White America [Panel]
Friday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Forum West

Organizer: Marcus Brooks, Western Kentucky University
Presider: Marcus Brooks, Western Kentucky University
Join us for an engaging "Author Meets Curious Readers" session featuring Gratuitous Angst in White America: A Theory of Whiteness and Crime by Deena A. Isom. This groundbreaking book introduces a new criminological theory that examines how whiteness influences deviant and criminal behaviors among white individuals, and why they are treated differently by the criminal justice system. Challenging traditional perspectives, the author offers an intersectional framework that sheds light on America's racialized history and current societal divides. A panel of experts will discuss these compelling insights with the author present, offering a unique opportunity for lively discussion and critical reflection. Please stay after for a special book signing opportunity.

Panelists:
  • Deena Isom, University of South Carolina;
  • Sarah Castillo, University of Tennessee;
  • Angie Crouse, University of Mississippi;
  • Cameron Lippard, Appalachian State University;
50. Experiential Learning: Using Monopoly to Teach about Social Justice [Workshop]
Friday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | International

Organizer: Rebecca K Davison, Morehead State University
This interactive workshop will demonstrate how the game of Monopoly (in modified versions) can be used as a tool to engage students in the exploration of equity and equality. This modified version has numbered envelopes that determine each participant’s situation for the game. Some participants begin with property and additional money. Some have “special rules” they must follow. And, not all participants start at “Go.” This activity stimulates dynamic classroom discussions and challenges students to reflect deeply on their assumptions about power and privilege. This teaching tool can be used by instructors to teach concepts about antiracism, and social and economic justice and create a space for students to self-reflect, self-regulate, and increase their social empathy towards people with different lived experiences. The workshop will include a brief history and overview of the game, an interactive demonstration of how the game can be adjusted to teach concepts and engage students in discussions about social and economic justice, and research findings related to social empathy levels using the Social Empathy Index (SEI) developed by Segal, Wagaman, and Gerdes (2012). LEARNING OUTCOMES: 1. Participants will understand the benefits of experiential learning as a holistic approach to teaching about social justice. 2. Participants will learn a variety of ways to use the game of Monopoly to teach concepts and facilitate classroom discussions around racial, social, and economic justice.
Discussants:
  • Monica Himes, Morehead State University
  • Rebecca K Davison, Morehead State University
Professional Headshots
Friday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Far Promenade
Need a professional headshot? Drop by and have your photo taken. Photos will be delivered via share drive after the conference.
Racial and Ethnic Minorities Caucus Luncheon
Friday | 12:30 pm-1:30 pm | Grand Ballroom East

Presider: Jessica McCarty, University of South Alabama
A time for members and researchers of racial and ethnic minorities to gather. A limited number of lunches will be provided for registered MSSA Conference attendees.
51. Plenary: Leading with Equity
Friday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Grand Ballroom West

Presider: Melencia Johnson, University of South Carolina Aiken
Sharon K. Roberson, Esq. is a seasoned C – Suite executive with 30+ years of experience in the corporate, government, and nonprofit sectors. She’s served as President and CEO of YWCA Nashville & Middle Tennessee since 2016. In that time, she’s broadened the agency's services by expanding the Weaver Domestic Violence Center, creating a children’s program at shelter, and opening the largest DV pet shelter in Tennessee. She’s overseen the expansion of all school-based and adult education programming. Sharon’s renewed the agency’s focus on racial justice, implementing a dedicated social justice program, which has led to several new laws in Tennessee. During her tenure, the YWCA has also received the largest single donation in its 125-year history. Sharon has been recognized with numerous awards and in 2018, she and the organization were selected Person/Organization of the Year by the Tennessean newspaper. Sharon earned her undergraduate and law degrees from Vanderbilt University.

Panelist:
  • Sharon Roberson, YWCA of Nashville and Middle Tennessee
Discussant:
  • Andrea Nicole Hunt, University of North Alabama;
52. Discrimination, Health and Mental Health [Regular Paper Session]
Friday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Embassy East

Organizers: Whitney Frierson, Vanderbilt University; Meagan Rainock, Fisk University;
Presider: Whitney Frierson, Vanderbilt University
  • A Qualitative Investigation of Microaggressions, Coping Strategies, and Well-Being among Black Men and Black Women Ph.D. Students. .....Whitney Frierson, Vanderbilt University
  • Although doctoral programs are intended to prepare students for faculty careers or professional advancement, discrimination is an unfortunate reality that exacts a toll on the psychological well-being of many Black doctoral students. My dissertation examines the microaggressions - the subtle slights and interactions that convey bias - experienced by Black men and Black women doctoral students across the United States, with attention to specific microaggressions (e.g., angry Black woman, assumptions of criminality), coping strategies, and the impact on psychological well-being. While a large body of research examines the impact of microaggressions on Black undergraduate students or Black women, less is known about how Black doctoral students or Black men are psychologically harmed by microaggressions. This oversight is alarming, as recent scholarship calls out the distinct stressors experienced by Black graduate students (e.g., microaggressions) and the various stressors that Black men encounter due to intersecting identities of race and gender. I collect data from three sources: surveys with sociodemographic questions, weekly journal writing, and in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings from this study offer important implications in the sociology of education. Study findings can provide remedies to address the high attrition rates of Black doctoral students in doctoral education.
  • Caste and Mental Health in Nepal. .....Sanjeev Acharya, Arkansas State University
  • Research on social determinants of mental health has received significant attention in Western societies. The burden of mental health is not equally distributed among individuals in a population. In the context of low- and middle-income countries, there is a paucity of research looking at the relationship between social disadvantage and mental health. Using Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys 2022, this study will investigate the association between caste and self-reported mental health between the privileged social groups (higher caste) and marginalized social groups (indigenous and oppressed caste). We expect individuals belonging to marginalized caste groups will report more mental health problems than those in more privileged caste groups, consistent with race literature in the United States. As mental health awareness is spreading across low- and middle-income countries, it is even more important to investigate the role social disadvantage plays in mental health outcomes and whether this effect is further modified by important social determinants considered in this study. Our nuanced understanding will help improve and design social interventions to target the vulnerable groups and improve overall mental health in Nepal.
  • Depression in Marginally Food Secure Households. .....Aimee Imlay, Mississippi State University; and Margaret Ralston , Mississippi State University
  • Marginal food security is a distinct category of food security that has unique implications for depressive symptoms in adults. Marginal food security is considered as full food security by the USDA, potentially obscuring health and nutrition implications associated with stress and anxiety related to having enough food Because marginally food secure households are often counted as fully food secure, few studies have explored the implications of marginal food security. This study expands the literature by exploring the mental health implications of experiencing marginal food security at the household level. Using data from 10, 920 respondents from five pooled cross-sectional waves (2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2020) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), multinomial logistic regression models estimated the influence of marginal food security on depression symptom severity controlling for important covariates. Results show that living in a marginally food secure household increases the likelihood of having moderate depression symptoms compared to those who have no depression symptoms. Our results demonstrate the need to include marginal food security when investigating the link between food security and mental health.
  • Advocating for a Culture of Referral: The Social Epidemiology Behind Endometriosis Education. .....Angela Allgood Crouse, University of Mississippi
  • In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of published literature to explore the social epidemiology of endometriosis within the United States. Specifically, we are interested in how social institutions, structures, and relationships have influenced education around women’s healthcare and endometriosis since the early 20th century. Endometriosis is arguably the most common, devastating disease that most people have never heard of, making it virtually absent from public health and social justice advocacy agendas. Affecting approximately 190 million people worldwide, endometriosis impacts girls, women and gender-diverse people of all ages, races, nationalities, socioeconomic statuses - from before puberty to after menopause. The average diagnostic delay of endometriosis is 10 years with most patients visiting 6-8 doctors before receiving a proper diagnosis, imparting needless physical and psychological suffering on the lives of patients and their loved ones. Current medical education and practice models have failed endometriosis patients for decades and continue to fail them. To remedy, we make recommendations for re-writing how health information can be responsibly and innovatively shared in the 21st century. Our recommendations are situated within a larger effort to change the conversation - and, more importantly, the practice of how we engage and prioritize women’s health.
  • Understanding the Link Between Juvenile Delinquency and Mental Health. .....James Bush, Let`s Have Manversation
  • Juvenile delinquency remains a critical issue within society, with growing evidence pointing to the significant role mental health plays in shaping delinquent behaviors among youth. This presentation explores the complex relationship between juvenile delinquency and mental health disorders, focusing on common conditions such as ADHD, conduct disorder, and depression that disproportionately affect delinquent youth. By providing an overview of key statistics on juvenile delinquency, the presentation highlights how untreated mental health issues often contribute to impulsivity, aggression, and other forms of deviant behavior. Additionally, the impact of trauma and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) will be examined, demonstrating how these early life stressors increase the risk of both mental health disorders and delinquency. By understanding these contributing factors, we can better design early interventions, mental health treatment programs, and trauma-informed care approaches that aim to reduce juvenile delinquency and improve outcomes for at-risk youth. Through this lens, the presentation seeks to shed light on the need for integrative approaches that address both mental health and delinquent behaviors, ensuring that vulnerable young people receive the support they need.
53. Looking Back: A History of Germantown in North Nashville [Panel]
Friday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Forum East

Organizer: Katherine Everhart, University of Virginia at Wise
Presider: Katherine Everhart, University of Virginia at Wise
Our panel will examine the social and cultural history of one of Nashville’s oldest neighborhoods—that of Germantown. Located just north of the Capitol, the first suburb of North Nashville was established in the 1850s by German and Swiss immigrants. By the 1920s, many of the initial families in the neighborhood had moved away from Germantown into other areas of Nashville, in part due to urban developments in transportation and an anti-German sentiment in the post-WWI era. From the 1920s to the late 1970s, the neighborhood would experience social and political and economic changes like most U.S. cities—leading to a mostly hollowed out, increasingly industrial, area in disrepair. In the late 1970s, a small group of individuals moved into the neighborhood began the process of preserving historic structures, protecting the neighborhood’s character, and fostering community cohesion. In 1979, the neighborhood was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Looking back across the last four and a half decades, the neighborhood of Germantown has experienced considerable change—now often described as “one of the most well-traversed destinations” in Nashville and a place in which “boutiques with thoughtfully curated wares sit cheek to cheek with local restaurants helmed by James Beard Award-winning chefs.” Panel of Current and Former Residents include: Berdelle Campbell, retired state government employee, founding member of Cumberland River Compact and Nashville’s Greenway System. Campbell has been a resident of the Germantown neighborhood for 43 years. Barbara Carroll, retired from Vanderbilt University as Associate Vice Chancellor and Chief HR Officer, moved to Germantown in 1986, left in the 1990s, and returned in 2015 to renovate one of the community’s oldest homes. George Zepp, retired as editor and columnist after a 33-year career at The Tennesseean newspaper, author of the book Hidden History of Nashville, 23-year resident of Germantown.

Panelists:
  • Katherine Everhart, University of Virginia at Wise;
  • Valeria Eadler, Middle Tennessee State University;
54. 50th Commemorative Panel III [Panel]
Friday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Grand Ballroom West

Presider: Earl Wright II, Rhodes College

Panelists:
  • Marcus Brooks, Western Kentucky University;
  • Andrea Nicole Hunt, University of North Alabama;
  • Anita Bledsoe-Gardner, Johnson C. Smith University;
  • Giselle Greenidge, Northwest Missouri State University;
55. Let's Get Ready to Advance [Workshop]
Friday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Embassy West

Presider: Jessica McCarty, University of South Alabama
The growth of educational programs and the recruitment of talented and diverse students are essential components of institutional expansion. In this abstract, I will delve into strategies of effective program expansion and recruitment enhancement strategies, drawing from various scholarly sources and best practices. This research-driven approach ensures that programs are aligned with industry demands, relevant, and appealing to prospective students. Additionally, strategic partnerships with other educational institutions, industry organizations, and community stakeholders can significantly enhance program growth and recruitment efforts. Collaborative initiatives such as articulation agreements, internships, and joint events create additional resources and opportunities for learners, expanding the institution's reach and visibility among potential students. Effective marketing and communication strategies are vital in attracting and engaging prospective students. Implementing a comprehensive digital marketing campaign, including social media, search engine optimization, and targeted advertising, can effectively reach a wider audience and generate interest in the program.
Undergraduate Networking Session
Friday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Grand Ballroom East
Network with other undergraduate students attending the conference. Sponsored by Alpha Kappa Delta International Sociology Honor Society.
56. Organizing Your Workplace in a Right-to-Work State
Friday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | International

Presider: Rachel E. Davis, Middle Tennessee State University
In this workshop, experienced worker-organizers affiliated with United Campus Workers will demonstrate the importance of workplace organizing in right-to-work states, particularly for higher education workers, and will guide participants through the organizing process.
Remembering Departed MSSA Members
Friday | 5:00 pm-5:30 pm | Grand Ballroom West

Organizer: Theresa Clare Davidson, Samford University
Join us and share your memories of members of MSSA who have departed over the last 50 years.
President's Closing Reception
Friday | 5:30 pm-6:30 pm | Crown Ballroom
Let's close out MSSA 2024 with a farewell reception. All registered attendees are welcome to attend. A limited number of drink tickets available on a first come basis.
Business Meeting and Awards Banquet
Friday | 6:30 pm-9:00 pm | Crown Ballroom
Open to all registered MSSA conference attendees.
57. Theorizing U.S. Undergraduate Education: Boyer 2030 - Theory Mini-Conference [Panel]
Saturday | 8:00 am-9:15 am | Virtual 4

Organizer: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Presider: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville

Panelists:
  • Steven Dandaneau, Colorado State University;
  • Joel Crombez, Kennesaw State University;
  • Alexander Stoner, Northern Michigan University;
  • Charles Walton, Houston Community College;
  • Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville;
Executive Council Meeting
Saturday | 8:30 am-10:00 am | Polk
58. Social Determinants of Health and Well-Being [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Virtual 1

Presider: Kristen Nicole Sobba, Southeast Missouri State University
  • Beyond Genetics: The Social Structural Determinants of Health. .....Aida Wisecup, Missouri State University
  • Today more than ever, society is faced with the unequivocal question of developing a better understanding of the interconnectedness between social forces, environmental experiences, and the development of mental and physical health and well-being. Post COVID-19 considerations have led to an unprecedented need to establish a more interdisciplinary understanding of the role that social construction has on health and illness, and the diverse set of ways that our social world plays in the identification, treatment and experience of various diseases and health related conditions. Social life is intricately linked to quality-of-life variables related to health, both mental and physical. Thus, we recognize the invaluable contribution to the field of medicine made by a comprehensive understanding of health, wellness and social functioning as a byproduct of the study of the human body and mind. However, we posit that this knowledge would be incomplete without examining the close relationship between health, wellness, and those aspects of social environment that create conditions that can either strengthen or undermine the wellbeing of individuals, groups of people, and entire communities – the social-structural determinants of health.
  • The association between health-related locus of control and BMI and health behaviors among college students.. .....Miranda Reiter, University Of North Carolina Pembroke; and Abigail Reiter, UNC Pembroke
  • Research shows that having control over one’s health can affect personal health behaviors. But, it turns out that the belief of having control might be even more important. Attitudes and beliefs about health and heath care are determined by many factors, some of which are internal to the individual and some of which are external to the individual. This paper analyzes the relationship between college students’ locus of control and their BMI and health behaviors, such regular exercise, eating well, and so on. To measure health locus of control, we use the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC). Our primary goal is to assess the relative importance of the alternative pathways that potentially link locus of control to healthy habits. We are also interested in possible sex- and race-related differences in beliefs of health locus of control, as well as locus of control effects on health behaviors and BMI. The study will include approximately 500 undergraduate students at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke, who volunteer to participate in the study. We will assess HRLOC, BMI, and health behaviors among these students using an internet survey that will be administered in the Fall of 2024.
  • Advising Styles & Quality: An Assessment of Graduate Students' Beliefs on Advising. .....Kristen Nicole Sobba, Southeast Missouri State University
  • Prior research indicates that quality of advising is a significant factor that impacts student satisfaction and retention (Levinstein, 2020; Sims Blackwell & Payne, 2012; Vianden, 2016). Advising quality can also affect student success, longevity at the institution, and potential funding opportunities for the future. The current study assessed qualitative findings from criminal justice graduate students regarding advising quality, advising styles, and program satisfaction at a midwestern regional university in the United States. The results revealed that almost 70% of students believed their graduate coordinator matched their style of advising. In addition, most students ranked their graduate coordinator and their program with high remarks indicating a possible link between advisor satisfaction and program satisfaction. These results show the value of positive relationships that can form between the graduate coordinator and their advisees. Ideally, these relationships create strong bonds which lead to long-term benefits for both the student and university.
  • Length of US Residence and Mental Health among Asian American Immigrants. .....Ying Ma, Austin Peay State University
  • Asian American immigrants have achieved economic success compared to other non-white contemporary immigrants, hence the name of “model minority.” However, many adversities faced by Asian American immigrants are buried without proper investigation. In this paper, I will examine their mental health status and explore how the cultural and ethnic factors, along with acculturative pressure might impact their mental health status. In the preliminary studies based on the CHIS (California Health Interview Survey) data, a positive relationship between Asian American immigrants’ length of stay and their mental health difficulties is found. There is some variation among different Asian ethnic groups. Further studies are needed to understand the underreporting of mental health issues among Asian American immigrants and their access to mental health facilities. *Work in progress.
  • Forced Therapy vs. Educational Opportunities: Counteracting Cognitive Behavioral Programs in Prison. .....Jennifer Schlosser, Coastal Carolina University
  • This research describes the problems inherent in prison cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) programs using a case study from the author’s previous research as an example, assesses the state of the literature on these programs today, and offers practical suggestions for researchers and practitioners to begin to dismantle the dangerous effects of forced CBT in prison. The paper concludes with the recommendation that researchers invest in prison education through their institutions of higher learning to provide space and access for incarcerated people to begin to counteract the troubling results that many in-prison CBT programs produce.
59. Student Perceptions of Satisfaction and Learning [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Virtual 2

Presider: Cameron Taylor Graham, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
  • Exploring Student Perceptions of Infographic Creation in an Undergraduate Social Inequalities Course: A Mixed-Methods Study. .....Makeela Johari Wells, Auburn University
  • The utilization of infographics to visually convey information is steadily gaining popularity. As a result, students in higher education need to develop the transferable skills (e.g., visual literacy) associated with creating infographics, an emergent educational outcome (Dunlap & Lowenthal, 2016). This paper contributes to the existing literature on infographics in higher education by presenting a semester-long scaffolded infographic project aimed at communicating social scientific information on inequality in the United States. Drawing on Kolb’s (1984, 2015) theory of experiential learning, the paper outlines the project's structure and discusses its benefits in enhancing students' transferable skills while aligning with the principles of experiential learning. Furthermore, it presents student survey data from a social inequalities course at a southeastern university (N=34), revealing that most students had no prior experience with infographics. However, upon completing the project, they reported increased knowledge and a preference for constructing infographics over traditional assessments (e.g., PowerPoint presentations or research papers). The paper also addresses project limitations and proposes future directions for integrating infographic projects into undergraduate sociology courses.
  • Metaphors and Social Reflections: Using Cinematic Sociology to Aid Instruction. .....Cameron Taylor Graham, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
  • Cinema is often an overlooked topic in sociological inquiry. However, film/TV combines particularly well with sociology because it understands cinema as a popular cultural art form that influences, reflects, and shapes people’s beliefs, social values, and perspectives on the world. Indeed, movies and TV shows are an integral part of social life at this juncture; they mirror what we believe and how we coexist—or conflict—as people. Drawing from previous scholarly research on the importance of cinema and social science theorizing, this paper seeks to refute the misconception that film/TV has no relevance or use in sociology, while also demonstrating how cinema can be useful for instructors in aiding sociological instruction. Although the merit of conventional lectures remains evident, the use of cinema can help convey a myriad of pertinent, often complicated, topics in a manner that stresses their importance and registers with others in meaningful and enduring ways that perusing an academic text may not necessarily be able to match. By examining recent cinema like 007, Snowpiercer, and Mr. Robot, this paper argues that certain films and TV shows can be particularly beneficial in facilitating the sociological imagination and, therefore, productive for both research foci and teaching within the discipline.
  • Incorporating Sociology “Labs” into an Introductory Sociology Course. .....Deborah Lowry, University Of Montevallo
  • This presentation will introduce a series of three “labs” I regularly conduct in my introductory sociology courses. The labs are designed to promote (1) reinforcement of core course concepts, (2) prefatory exposure to sociology as a profession, and (3) development of practical skills including collegial collaboration. In addition to overviewing the content and objectives of each lab session, I explain my motives for framing these hands-on exercises as labs, how the lab series fits within the course topics and schedule, and ideas for integrating into the series exposure to both quantitative and qualitative approaches to “doing” sociology. This presentation will be useful to introductory sociology instructors interested in integrating into their courses a series of active learning exercises that introduces students to sociology both as a professional social science field and as a habit of mind.
  • Determinants of difference: Understanding racial differences in college student satisfaction. .....Philip B Mason, University of South Carolina Aiken; and Michelle Petrie, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • Scholarship on college student persistence documents several variables that predict higher retention, progression, and graduation rates among students including positive faculty and student interactions, academic engagement, a sense of belonging, a respectful campus climate, and overall satisfaction with the institution. Research similarly suggests that students of color at PWIs may be at a distinct disadvantage regarding these attributes and campus experiences especially compared to students at HBCUs (Kim & Conrad, 2006). Overall satisfaction is among the most useful indicators of students’ intent to persist (Strahan & Credé, 2015), and research consistently demonstrates that students of color report lower levels of overall satisfaction than their white counterparts (Einarson & Matier, 2005; Lin, Salazar, & Wu, 2019). Using random sample survey data from a southern public PWI, this paper explores racial differences in student satisfaction. Using multinomial regression, we find that these variables are significantly more important in predicting satisfaction for students of color than white students; and this is especially pronounced at the extremes of having a poor experience versus an excellent experience. Our findings underscore the need for future research to examine institutional characteristics such as racial and ethnic ratios of students and faculty and the selectivity of institutions.
60. Teaching Survey Courses to Freshman and Sophomores [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Virtual 3

Organizer: Matthew West, Lawson State Community College
Presider: Matthew West, Lawson State Community College
  • Cultural Scavenger Hunt. .....Katie Patton, Delgado Community College
  • A project my students really enjoy is the Cultural Scavenger Hunt. This activity requires students to communicate with each other about their personal experiences, granting the other student a chance to see inside another's culture as they hunt for various cultural experiences. This activity teaches the students about what makes them unique by highlighting their own cultures while also granting them the chance to better understand and learn from their peers. Although they feel nervous and awkward at first, after a few rounds this quickly turns into a highlight of the semester.
  • Divisive Concept Laws and Intro to Sociology Courses. .....Thomas Moore, Columbia State Community College
  • Sociology has never shied away from studying topics other disciplines and individuals may find controversial or uncomfortable. However, in recent years, a number of states across the country, and primarily in the south have passed laws that have made sociology instructors at the K-12 and college question how to talk about the issues, concepts, theories, and realities that sociology classes explore while respecting the laws of their state. In my talk, I will discuss a class activity that I have used in my Intro to Sociology classes where we work together to do a content analysis of Tennessee’s “Divisive Concepts” law in order to consider the effects of such laws on students, and instructors. Additionally, we discuss the potential social implications of those effects. The activity has been well-received by my classes, has spurred substantive discussion, and helps students see what it means to approach an issue from a sociological perspective while also showing that sociology isn’t an abstract discipline but has real-world, everyday value that fosters critical thinking and engagement with the world around us.
  • Diversity Icebreaker Activity. .....Amy Skinner, Shelton State Community College
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  • Designing a Religion: How Institutions Work in Society. .....M. Kelly James, University of Memphis
  • Teaching macro, meso, and micro levels of society to college freshmen and sophomores comes with some challenges. Micro levels are the easiest for them and the most familiar for the average 18 year old. This paper explains an assignment used by the author to deconstruct a major institution by constructing one in class in a small group. In the Designing Religion assignment, we flip the classroom and listen to a podcast on research about religious people and their beliefs before the students design their own religion following a structured guide. For example, the group members must design a symbol for the religion that embodies the beliefs they have chosen. By designing a religion, students learn about the macro and meso layers of society and consequent influences on the micro levels
  • Hot Topics. .....Likita Wyatt, Lawson State Community College
  • The assignments was for students to discuss/debate the difference in deviance and criminal behavior between the Rugby players/ Andus survivors and that of Jeffrey Dahmer.
  • Family Budget Exercise and the Transition to the Digital World. .....Michael Traugot, Columbia State Community College
  • In my experience the Family Budget Exercise works well for in-person classes. Dividing the students into groups of three and turning them loose with their computers and their personal experiences to derive a minimum budget for a hypothetical family, using real-time values in their location for such the costs of housing, food, car insurance, utilities and such, resulted in much chatter and a bit of discomfort, and the groups came up with a range of possible budgets, which we then discussed. It definitely got the students talking to one another. This could also work in a Zoom class, using break-out rooms. But more classes these days are going to asynchronous online, in which none of that can happen. This semester my two asynchronous online courses are fully booked, 25 students each, and my in-person class has 10. Students are opting for convenience. Most of these students have jobs and are taking multiple classes to try to get through as quickly as they can. The asynchronous classes have several dual-enrolled high school students and several older individuals returning to education, so an online class done on their own time fits into their busy schedules. But in a course like sociology, where context is of great importance, what are they missing by not having much contact with each other and/or their instructor? We have also been linking students to the MIT Living Wage calculator, which derives “living wages” for any district of the country. But rather than derive their own budgets, many of the students simply use the MIT figures, which are averages and not necessarily precise or updated (costs in our area are rising rapidly). This spares them the difficulty of having to put together a budget, which is precisely the lesson we want them to learn: it is not easy. Another new addition to the mix is AI platforms like ChatGPT, which “do all the work” and make it easier for students to reach conclusions without fully exploring the subjects themselves. I am beginning to see this in students’ written work, and I’m sure that will only increase, perhaps exponentially. I think we could all benefit from continuing discussion about this, sharing our experiences and insights.
61. Critical Social Theory and Politics - Theory Mini-Conference [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Virtual 4

Organizer: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Presider: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
  • Understanding Climate Disavowal: A Directed Qualitative Content Analysis of Technological Fetishism in U.S. Newspaper Articles on A.I. and Climate Change. .....Alexander Stoner, Northern Michigan University
  • As the tools of artificial intelligence (A.I.) are increasingly being deployed to address climate change, promises of A.I.-driven sustainability are gaining traction in news media and academic research. Yet several recent studies have identified social and environmental “costs” associated with A.I., suggesting that A.I. is not the panacea it is purported to be. Interweaving insights from critical theory and psychoanalysis, this article offers a conceptual model to better understand the widespread appeal of A.I. In doing so, I interpret the current celebration of A.I. as a form of technological fetishism in the service of climate disavowal—a particular type of psychological denial in which the reality of climate change is simultaneously acknowledged and denied. The notion of A.I.-driven sustainability is appealing because it flags the problem of climate change while bracketing the self-destructive linkage of nature and society under capitalism, and in doing so, spares individuals the mental discomfort that attends climate anxiety. To further extend the conceptual model, I provide a directed qualitative content analysis of technological fetishism in U.S. newspaper articles on A.I. and climate change published between 2020 and 2023. Results and discussion of findings indicates that A.I. fetishism serves as an avoidance strategy for climate anxiety. A complete description of the methodology, including rank order frequency of concept codes and representative quotes are included.
  • Toward a Critical Theory of Global EV Adoption. .....Anthony J. Knowles, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
  • The alarming predictions of global climate change have persuaded national governments to pursue various sustainability and emission reduction strategies such as the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Researchers support that effort by examining the barriers and bridges to EV adoption through numerous methodologies—primarily quantitative or mixed methods—in countries around the world. The stated purpose of most of this research is to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics of potential EV buyers and/or what policies effectively stimulate EV adoption. In essence, the goal is to discover the “platonic ideal” of what policies best encourage EV adoption that can be generalized and taken up by national policy makers. While this pursuit has its merits, a critical approach to EV adoption should examine the specific socio-historic circumstances of each country that enable or discourage EV adoption in their specificity as well as analyze the socio-historic circumstances that undermine the prospects of the implementation of a “platonic ideal” set of policies—even if such a regime could be discovered. Examples comparing Norway, Germany, and the United States demonstrate how national politics, global competition, and fears of job loss shape EV policy, and thus EV adoption, in ways that undercut the chances of successfully reaching sustainability targets.
  • Critical Theory in the Field: Reflections on Fieldwork Experiences from Nashville to Kurdistan. .....Stephanie Gibb-Clark, Iowa State University
  • o ADD THIS ABSTRACT: "One of the primary ways that sociological researchers engage scholarship with the real world is through the application of theoretical insight to material circumstances which may result in changes to public policy or realized in the work of Social Workers. However, most scholars only apply this theoretical insight at the end of the data collection process in order to “answer” the question at hand. Some critical theorists, on the other hand, suggest that applied research should engage with theory at all points and recognize applied research as a process of theory-in-the-making. In this paper, I apply these insights of theory-in-the-making to my own dissertation research project on the transnational Kurdish Freedom Movement using notes collected during field work in the United States, including Nashville and Washington D.C., as well as in Turkey. The purpose of the paper is to identify some of the spaces from which theory-in-the-making might emerge throughout the full research process.
  • Humans Eating Animals: Natural, Healthy, and Humane - or the Opposite?. .....Nadya Vera, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
  • Pioneered in the United States, the animal agriculture industry is responsible for a multitude of global harms including environmental pollution, depletion of watersheds, decimation of rural communities, deforestation, and significant emission of Greenhouse Gasses. Federal policies enacted during the Civil War and beyond transformed the nation’s agricultural landscape and propelled it into the unsustainable, multi-faceted system it is today, often by way of the narrative that that independent family farmers of America would be feeding the world. The climate change crisis is an existential threat to humanity that cannot be addressed without a significant overhaul of the industrialized animal agriculture business model, yet the mere suggestion that modern civilizations should curtail their meat consumption is a political grenade. What does actual progress in this realm mean?
62. Undergraduate Research in Progress: Sociology of Deviance [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 9:30 am-10:45 am | Virtual 5

Presider: Melencia Johnson, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • Exploring Perceptions of Deviant Sexuality in Elementary. .....Ayondayla Abney, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • An Examination of Motivations for Drug Use in Breaking Bad. .....Trenton Appleford, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • Social Media and Young Women’s Body Image. .....Ashtin Barton, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • Status and Victimization Risks of Women in Gangs. .....Emily Copley, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • The type of deviance this paper examines is female involvement in gangs. More specifically, their acquired status and victimization risks. Females who join gangs are often coming from an unstable home environment and essentially seek refuge within a gang. Key concepts include poverty, criminal status of parent(s), differential association, control theory and commitment, all on the micro level. The research question is: Is female gang involvement associated with familial gang membership and increased rates of victimization? Using content analysis as the primary methodology, two podcast episodes were selected that related to the research topic. The information was gathered through listening and detailed note-taking. Key themes found in the episodes women’s status in gangs, reason(s) for joining a gang, and victimization. Main findings of this research conclude that females in gangs are more likely to get arrested than those not in gangs, gang membership increases victimization risk, and that most women that join gangs come from unfavorable home environments. Potential implications include reforming the education system and working closer with social workers. This paper aims to determine gender roles of women in gangs and their victimization risks
  • Social Media, Suicide Contagion, and the Blue Whale Challenge. .....Chloe Powell, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • This paper examines adolescent participation in the “Blue Whale Challenge,” an online suicide challenge, and how social media may be influencing participation through unsafe messaging. Previous studies have found that the majority of social media posts discussing the Blue Whale Challenge contained unsafe messaging. Such posts could influence adolescents to seek participation in the challenge through social modeling – a phenomenon known as suicide contagion. Prior studies primarily focus on the platforms Twitter and YouTube. As social media continues to evolve, it is necessary to examine the content on more relevant platforms. How might posts on TikTok influence adolescent participation in the Blue Whale Challenge? A content analysis of 50 relevant TikTok posts was performed. Posts were examined for factors commonly attributed to media suicide contagion, such as romanticizing/idolizing victims and providing graphic detail regarding cases – as well as direct and indirect instruction on how to participate in the challenge. Misinformation was also considered as a relevant factor in analyzing posts. The majority of posts contain either unsafe messaging, instruction on participation, or misinformation. These findings imply that the content on TikTok regarding the Blue Whale Challenge may be influencing adolescent participation in the challenge.
Discussants:
  • Ayondayla Abney, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • Ashtin Barton, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • Emily Copley, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • Chloe Powell, University of South Carolina Aiken
  • Trenton Appleford, University of South Carolina Aiken
63. Leveraging Social Networks, Media, and Environment [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Virtual 1

Organizer: Kristen Nicole Sobba, Southeast Missouri State University
Presider: Kristen Nicole Sobba, Southeast Missouri State University
  • Responses to Viewing Cyberbullying Victimization: Examining College Students’ Perspectives. .....Kristen Nicole Sobba, Southeast Missouri State University; and Monica Bixby Radu, Southeast Missouri State University
  • Over the years, cyberbullying has grown to be a significant issue within society leading to negative and, even, deadly outcomes including mental health issues, school shootings, and suicides. Much of the literature revolves around junior high and high school settings; however, our research assesses college students’ perspectives. Specifically, in our interdisciplinary study, we address how college students respond when witnessing cyberbullying activity. Our results show that students tend to react overtly or covertly to cyberbullying incidents. Moreover, because of the long-term effects of cyberbullying, an additional goal of our research is to better understand how educational strategies and policies encourage college students to report and appropriately react to online bullying.
  • Towards a Holistic, Age-Graded Understanding of Excessive Internet Use: An Application of Containment Theory. .....Marian Borg, University of Florida; and Ryan Jackson Howard, University of Florida
  • Given the growing prevalence of internet use and evidence suggesting both harmful and beneficial consequences of “being on-line,” understanding risk and protective factors that may prevent use from becoming “excessive” is increasingly important. While research has explored the psychological factors precipitating excessive use, few analyses have focused simultaneously on the impact of individual traits and social attachments. Drawing on Walter Reckless’ arguments in containment theory, we investigate how both internal and external “containments” may influence excessive internet use. Using 2017 survey data from a sample of adolescents and young adults (n=785), we also explore how the effect of these factors may change or remain constant for individuals at different stages in the life course. Overall, results indicate that both internal and external containments influence the likelihood of engaging in excessive internet use, though the importance of each varies across age groups. Our findings point to a compelling life course story, suggesting an intersection between internet use and the changing circumstances and priorities that come with increasing age. By applying containment theory to a previously unexplored context, we also contribute to ongoing disciplinary discussions of the theory’s utility, contending that the framework holds intellectual and empirical merit worthy of future exploration.
  • Navigating Barriers to Healthcare: A Case study of one Hispanic Church as a Site of Community Cultural Wealth. .....Katie Knop, Wingate University; and Jaqueline Hernandez-Ramos, Wingate University
  • Previous research on health outcomes among Hispanic Americans lends support to the importance of social networks in maintaining health advantages and in helping people accessing healthcare related information (such as how to get affordable health insurance or how to find a doctor) and support (Kaestner et.al., 2009; Khullar & Chokski, 2019; Madden, 2015); however, there is a lack of sociology and public health research dedicated to examining the specific ways Hispanic immigrants utilize their existing social networks to help them navigate the U.S. healthcare system, particularly when they encounter barriers to care. Our research seeks to fill this gap. This paper presentation is based on qualitative research that we conducted with Mexican American immigrants who attend the same church a midsize Southern city. This research assesses the barriers that Mexican immigrants face when trying to access healthcare in the U.S. and the ways in which this population utilizes their social networks to circumvent these barriers. A key finding in our paper concerns the ways in which church leaders, fellow church members, and the church’s mobile health clinic all play a critical role in serving as central access points for healthcare information and services. We analyze these findings by drawing upon the theoretical construct social capital, and we offer up some conclusion regarding the significance of Hispanic churches in serving as crucial institutional sites for the dissemination of necessary social capital for navigate the complexities of the U.S. healthcare system.
  • Following Trends or Principled Decision Making? Evaluating the Influence of NLP Benchmarks on Digital Sociology. .....AJ Alvero, Cornell University; Ruohong Dong, University of Florida; Klint Kanopka, New York University; and David Lang, Stanford University
  • Objectives Social interaction and communication are moving towards digital and online experiences; these experiences are often captured through digitized text. Sociologists from many subdisciplines have adopted tools to analyze these complex, high dimensional forms of big data, often in the form of machine learning tools developed by computer scientists to analyze massive text corpora. But computer scientists develop these tools for specific benchmarks that are often divorced from the contexts and social situations that are typically the focus of analysis for sociologists. Further, computer science and machine learning research in this space tends to organize itself around whichever tool sits atop the benchmark leaderboard, regardless of the particular strengths and weaknesses of that tool for a given analysis. This raises a fundamental question: when digital sociologists use these tools to study online text, are they using the best tool for their particular question or are they following trends from computer science? Put differently, are computer scientists inadvertently influencing the work of digital and computational sociologists who are assuming that whatever is the most popular method in their work is also the “best” one? If sociologists were not selecting computational methods in a principled way, we argue that they risk ceding their sociological imaginations (invoking C. Wright Mills’ theory) to methodological trends in computer science by limiting the types of questions that can be answered.  Methods We trace the adoption of computational text analysis methods developed by computer scientists into the sociological literature and compare this process with NLP benchmarks and the most popular methods at a given point in time over the past 20 years. We complement this analysis with an empirical example and reanalysis of authorship characteristics in a large corpus that compares less and more popular methods. Combined, our approach will show the extent that sociologists are following trends from computer scientists and possible consequences of this. Findings In our preliminary work, we will analyze the popularity of these two methods in popular sociology journals and compare them with their introduction and adoption by computer scientists. If sociologists are using the most popular methods in computer science, they might not be adequately tailoring their choices to the specific needs for the objectives of research. For our complementary analysis, we find that the most powerful and popular methods by computer science standards are not as effective for every type of sociologically driven question. Our results suggest that sociologists could be unintentionally limiting their imagination by following trends. This work also has implications for pedagogy.
  • "Eco-Friendly Solutions for Enhancing Urban Resilience: A Case Study Fostering Environmental Sustainability to Combat Homelessness in Skid Row, Los Angeles, California". .....Cameron Sumlin, University of Louisiana, Monroe; Ogbonnaya Nwoha, Louisiana Tech University; Lemmy Akoma, Grambling State University; and Frances Staten, Grambling State University
  • Skid Row in Los Angeles, California, is a poignant symbol of urban homelessness and social inequality, presenting complex challenges that demand innovative and sustainable solutions. This research explores the interaction of environmental sustainability and homelessness in the context of Skid Row. Through the analysis of the relationship between the two areas of focus, we hope to highlight the transformative potential of eco-friendly initiatives in addressing the multifaceted issues faced by this underserved community. Given the stark realities of homelessness, the implementation of environmentally sustainable practices offers a promising strategy that fosters resilient urban spaces that prioritize well-being and environmental health. Leveraging green technologies, sustainable architecture, and community-driven initiatives, this study examines how environmental sustainability can contribute to the revitalization of Skid Row. Revitalization of the area will foster a sense of belonging, dignity, and empowerment among its residents. Through a lens of environmental justice and social equity, this research delves into the benefits of implementing eco-friendly solutions in Skid Row, from reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality to promoting community engagement and economic opportunities within the neighborhood. Bridging the gap between environmental stewardship and social welfare will encourage collaboration and co-creation toward a more sustainable, inclusive, and resilient urban environment for all. This research advocates for a holistic and inclusive approach to urban development. Thus, we hope to recognize the potential benefits provided by environmental sustainability as a catalyst for positive change within vulnerable populations such as homeless communities.
64. Understanding Ethnicity and Gender Based Attitudes and Violence [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Virtual 2

Presider: Anjolaoluwa Joy Ogunsina, AUBURN UNIVERSITY
  • Understanding the causes of violence against wives in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Husbands' and Wives' Perspectives. .....Farah Tasneem, University of Georgia
  • Violence against wives in Bangladesh persists as a pervasive issue, rooted in complex socio-cultural dynamics and exacerbated by patriarchal norms. This qualitative study delves into both husbands and wives' perspectives on violence against wives within the context of family life. Using in-depth interviews with participants recruited from two prominent women's rights agencies in Bangladesh, the research aimed to comprehensively understand the perspectives of husbands and wives on why violence occurred in their conjugal lives. Several key findings emerged from a thematic analysis of the gathered data. Wives identified multiple reasons for becoming victims of violence, including dowry disputes, husbands' remarriages, infertility issues, the birth of disabled children, and instigation by in-laws. Conversely, husbands attributed their violent behavior to perceived wrongdoing by their wives, such as disrespect towards their families and perceived greediness. The study underscores the multifaceted nature of violence against wives in Bangladesh and the imperative for a comprehensive approach to addressing its underlying causes. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of violence against women in Bangladesh and highlights the necessity for concerted efforts to mitigate its prevalence and impact on individuals and society as a whole. Key words: Violence against wife, perspectives, qualitative study
  • “He Called Me a Whore”: Campus Preachers Acting as Gatekeepers at the Intersection of Gender, Sexuality, and Christianity. .....Mandi N. Barringer, University of North Florida; and Brenda Savage, Louisiana Tech University
  • Gatekeepers can be defined as individuals or groups who have the power to make value-laden decisions about who or what is “in” or “out” and control access to information or benefits. While a small, but growing body of literature examines the role of clergy as gatekeepers who manage their parishioners' access to services and knowledge, there is a need for further study of the dynamics of gatekeeping in the institution of religion. The current study, therefore, seeks to broaden our understanding of religious gatekeeping by exploring how campus preachers might attempt to act as gatekeepers of Christianity on university campuses. Our research utilizes 303 responses to two open-ended questions that were part of a 2019 survey which asked university students at a four-year public university about their interactions with campus preachers. An inductive review followed by a focused coding of the data revealed that students often noted the campus preachers told them they were “going to hell” because of their gender expression and/or sexuality. Findings suggest that, from the students’ perspectives, the campus preachers appeared to situate themselves as gatekeepers of Christianity, dictating which university students were “out” of divine favor and therefore denied access to “eternal benefits.”
  • Fresh off the Boat No More? Christian Nationalism and Attitudes Toward US Immigration Policies Among US Asians. .....Fanhao Nie, UMass Lowell
  • Prior research has shown that a stronger belief in Christian nationalism was associated with more opposition to pro-immigrant policies among White Americans. However, less is known about whether such a Christian nationalism effect may also exist among US Asians. In this study, 356 Asian adults from across the United States were surveyed. The results suggest that Christian nationalism was a consistently robust predictor of greater support of anti-immigrant policies, such as deporting illegal immigrants, building a wall on the US-Mexico border, and sending illegal immigrants from Republican states to Democratic states. Additional analyses reveal that the Christian nationalism effect was not only robust but also interactive with political identity and nativity. Relative to Republican Asians, Asians of all other political identities became more supportive of building the wall when their belief in Christian nationalism was stronger. Relative to US-born Asians, foreign-born Asians were more likely to favor deporting illegal immigrants as they became more supportive of Christian nationalism.
  • “Even If It's Not Super Radical or Direct Action, It All Still Matters:” Occupational Activism in the Weight-Inclusive Healthcare Movement. .....Gabriele Jaclyn Gomez , Oklahoma State University
  • Weight-centric healthcare negatively affects health in many ways, including generating stress, creating barriers to healthcare access, and encouraging healthcare avoidance and disordered eating. Seeking to enhance patient care and mitigate these harms, some healthcare providers have begun adopting a weight-inclusive practice framework in their work. Via a thematic analysis of 85 interviews with healthcare providers who provide weight-inclusive care, I find that many of these providers engage in activities that I argue can be considered occupational activism. To advance a weight-inclusive paradigm shift in healthcare, these practitioners join and contribute to alternative professional associations and organizations that support weight-inclusive care, educate about and advocate for weight-inclusive practices in professional presentations, arrange safe and accessible healthcare encounters for patients and clients, establish weight-inclusive private practices and hire employees dedicated to weight-inclusive care, challenge weight-centric healthcare practices through micro-level acts of resistance, and empower patients and clients to navigate stigmatizing and distressing weight-centric healthcare spaces and interactions. This analysis advances the literature on occupational activism and social change by providing novel insight into the ways that healthcare practitioners challenge institutionalized practices and norms in healthcare, contribute to social change, and advance social justice through the creative performance of their occupational roles.
65. Gender, Sexuality, and Race [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Virtual 3

Presider: Christa Moore, The University of Virginia’s College at Wise
  • Queer and Thriving? Community as Resilience in an Anti-LGBTQ State. .....Lauren Nicole Aitken, University of Central Florida
  • Community is understood to be an important resource for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people. This study uses Central Florida as a research site because of its large LGBTQ population within a state where anti-LGBTQ laws are consistently being proposed and passed into effect. This study is incredibly important because of Central Florida’s unique situation – it is seemingly welcoming and accepting of LGBTQ people but is not immune to the state of Florida’s attacks on LGBTQ Floridians. Using Meyer’s (2003) Minority Stress Model and Perrin et al.’s (2020) Minority Strengths Model, this study seeks to explore how LGBTQ people use community connection as a resource and as a resiliency factor in a state where their rights and liberties are consistently being stripped from them. Using qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews, this study seeks to explore two research questions. First, how do LGBTQ people in Central Florida build and engage in community amid the anti-LGBTQ political climate in Florida? Second, how does community engagement affect the self-reported social and mental well-being of LGBTQ people in Central Florida?
  • Equitable Funding Achievement: Exploring Workload Allocation Inequalities Among STEM Faculty. .....Colby Ryan Kopf, University of Central Florida; and Amanda Koontz, University Central Florida
  • As workloads multiply for tenure-track faculty in STEM, questions of organizational authenticity and procedural justice are raised. The disparate experiences of historically underrepresented groups, particularly women faculty and faculty of color, within these institutions highlight a need for further research to inform equitable institutional policy. This work seeks to understand the gendered inequalities in the distribution of research project grant funds and its relationship to the distribution of service work, teaching, and advising among STEM faculty. We intend to analyze annual faculty reports to determine: 1) the gendered distribution of teaching and service responsibilities; 2) the impact of gender on funding achievements, and 3) how this relationship varies across departments and colleges within their unique cultural contexts. Understanding the normative demands of career advancement across academic departments and colleges offers a first step to establishing true equity at the institutional level.
  • The Impact of Social Media Algorithms on Black Artists Through a Black Feminist Lens. .....Nakaja Weaver, Missouri State University
  • Black art is very influential and the blueprint for various artistic trends. While Black art is essential to the artistic field, Black artists have been victims of oppression in the creative field by injustices in pay, lack of inclusion and representation throughout history. This research extends the literature on inequalities experienced by Black artists by exploring modern forms of marginalization among Black creatives, namely through the use of social media. This study draws on existing research on discrimination through algorithms, placing it in conversation with discrepancies regarding aesthetics and algorithms. I utilize a Black Feminist approach to understand the intersectional nature of the marginalization of Black creatives and widen the sources used to discuss inequalities in the field. A focus group study will be conducted with Black artists separated by artistic talent, music, fashion and dance that utilize Instagram, TikTok, and or Twitter/X for their artwork. This study seeks to (1) determine features of platform algorithms that perpetuate artist inequality and (2) start new conversations in the artistic industry referencing Collin's BFT political strategies.
  • Child Welfare Cultures: Identifying Gendered Barriers to State-Specific and Nationwide Child Protective Services.. .....Christa Moore, The University of Virginia’s College at Wise
  • This research project emphasizes the ways in which cooperation and coordination of family-focused services through interagency collaboration are critical for the safety and well-being of maltreated children. Such a nexus of interagency involvement across institutional domains necessitates the capacity for effective communication, relationship building, and community partnerships. It also requires an understanding of basic definitions and perceptions of collaboration as well as a deeper exploration of underlying hegemonic ideals that shape organizing practices and principles. I endeavor to further demonstrate how bureaucratic dictates, such as documenting every step, recommendation, program referral, and treatment plan, among other forms of organizational tasks, can consume the time, energies, focus, and resources of those whose work is, ostensibly, to care for and protect vulnerable, neglected, and abused children and families. Gender segregation in work tasks, work modes, and other organizational processes has undergirded much of what has come to be viewed as traditional and ideal about organizational norms. For example, social work and many other occupational roles in the child welfare system and the human services field continue to be dominated by women as representatives of a “caring” field much like nursing, teaching, and office assistance positions. A consistent problematic regardless of the occupation or role is the interface of traditional bureaucratic topography as the normative template for the cultural construction of work. The result is a masculinized orientation to organizational processes that makes collaborative exchange seem counterintuitive and difficult to communicate and define. This project will further explore how such processes are structured into the organizational cultures of child welfare systems.
66. Critical Theory, Dialectic of Enlightenment, and Adorno's Sociology - Theory Mini-Conference [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Virtual 4

Organizer: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Presider: Alexander Stoner, Northern Michigan University
  • Adorno Predicted Trump: "Zur Prädisposition für demagogische Beeinflussung" as a Defining Theme and Problem. .....David Smith, University of Kansas
  • From his early texts on radio propaganda to his late warnings about radical rightism, Adorno consistently highlighted the problem of "susceptibility" to fascist demagogues and ethnocentric hate. In many writings, both published and unpublished, he laid bare the anatomy of a reactionary political style which is now paradigmatically visible on all sides, from Trump to Orban and beyond. Mapping the rhetorical and social psychological principles of this new radical rightism, Adorno also consistently addressed the complexities of the attempt to pursue psychological analysis in a world of underlying and framing sociological dynamics. This paper brings both the details of his perspective on characterological susceptibility to demagogic speech and his overarching perspective on the potential interpenetration of sociological and psychological critique.
  • Adorno as Fieldworker?. .....Steven Dandaneau, Colorado State University
  • Those inquiring after Adorno’s “sociology” might first attend, quite naturally and correctly, to his explicit and implicit contributions to sociological theory, including his critique of paradigmatic assumptions (e.g., The Positivist Dispute), his substantive analyses of systems and institutions (e.g., “Late Capitalism or Industrial Society?”), and his critique of key concepts in the history of sociological theorizing (e.g., his study of Max Weber and Emile Durkheim in “Society”). If Adorno’s empirical work were to come to mind, then I expect that The Authoritarian Personality and his contribution to Lazarsfeld Princeton Radio Listening project might assert themselves. It is worth acknowledging that the “critical theory” with which Adorno is associated—and his version of it perhaps more than most—is deeply rooted in philosophy and often abstract. But one might also recall that even Marx, a philosopher through and through, drew up surveys to administer to workers, and Engles, of course, found himself writing what is perhaps the first modern community study. So, what I want to call attention to in this talk is Adorno-as-fieldworker. Apart from his formal sociological theory and his use of (and support of training in) quantitative methods of sociological research, Adorno was also a keen participant-observer of everyday life in late capitalist society. Here, I underscore the significance of his reading of such seemingly marginalia as horoscopes and Betty Boop movies, the scattered entries that come together as Minima Moralia, his appreciation for community studies, his listening to popular as well as to intellectually informed music…that is, Adorno’s studied immersion into the day-to-day experiences of his lifeworld. Here, we see the influences of and commonalities with Nietzsche and Benjamin, and with Horkheimer’s critique of pragmatism (e.g., Eclipse of Reason) and Horkheimer’s own Nietzschean turn (e.g., Dawn and Decline). Here we see Adorno in sync with the methodological instructions given at the outset of One-Dimensional Man, and his presaging the best fieldwork in sociology and anthropology (e.g., Writing Culture) which followed, usually unacknowledged, in his footsteps. While it is of course the case that Frankfurt and Chicago School sociologies are incompatible on many fronts, they are neither wholly nor necessarily incompatible if intentionally and carefully construed so to wed fieldwork methods to emancipatory needs and aspirations. Adorno offers a model.
  • Classical Sociology and the Dialectic of Enlightenment. .....Dan Krier, Iowa State University
  • This essay highlights the centrality of Weberian and Durkheimian sociology in Adorno and Horkheimer's Dialectic of Enlightenment. In may ways, classical sociology plays a dual role in this work, conceptualizing both the vanishing social values evacuated as instrumental reason is driven toward totality under capitalism as well as emergent mythic values that arise to stabilize accumulation. While the Marxist and Freudian foundations of critical theory in the tradition of the Frankfurt School is undeniable, this essay argues for the restoration of classical sociology to a place of centrality in the analysis of instrumental reason.
  • Severance as Perseverance: Negation of Subjectivity in a Fragmented World. .....Reha Kadakal, California State University Channel Islands
  • This paper has grown out of the concern that contemporary form of collective life renders human subjectivity incapacitated for a coherent integration of the experiences of deprivation, discontent and displeasure, recasting their impact often as experiences of trauma. Utilizing the show Severance as a representation that articulates instances of subjectivity where subject, for the purposes of self-preservation, submits to a compartmentalization (‘severance’) of its its own being— encapsulating the desire eliminate the emotive effects—though not the actual experiences—of deprivation, discontent and displeasure from the subjects’ recollection. When taken as a representation, the shows successfully epitomizes how preservation of subject becomes its own annihilation—a contradiction that is central to critical social theory since the Dialectic of Enlightenment’s seminal analysis of ‘rational’ subject. The paper argues that desire for severance of life and to eliminate a slices of experience from subject’s recollection are endemic to a world where collective life itself is segmented into alienating experiences of work and life distinction, and where determinate outcomes of false society are recast as issues of individual mental health rather than as concrete contradictions endemic to structure of collective life and social relations.
67. Poster Session II [Poster Session]
Saturday | 11:00 am-12:15 pm | Virtual 5

Presider: Jessica W. Pardee, Rochester Institute of Technology
  • Spatial Analysis of Economic Disparities in West Virginia - What are they?. .....Terence Amankatoa Asitibasi, Clemson University
  • This study presents a comprehensive spatial analysis of economic disparities across West Virginia, focusing on changes in per capita income and poverty rates from 2000 to 2020. Despite the region's rich natural resources, economic development remains uneven, with some counties showing significant income growth while others face persistent poverty. Our analysis utilizes spatial autocorrelation techniques in ArcGIS software to identify patterns of economic distress and hotspots where economic conditions in one area influence neighboring regions. The findings reveal a complex socioeconomic landscape where industrial decline, geographic isolation, and limited access to infrastructure contribute to these disparities. Notably, while some counties like Monongalia and Jefferson experienced substantial income growth, others like McDowell and Logan struggled with rising poverty rates. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions and equitable economic policies to address the root causes of inequality in West Virginia. As such, visualizing these economic trends, our research highlights the importance of localized development strategies that consider the unique challenges and opportunities within Appalachia. The study further provides critical insights for policymakers aiming to foster economic resilience and reduce disparities in this historically marginalized region.
  • Participant Perspectives on the WIC program in Mobile, AL. .....Hosik Min, U of South Alabama; and Roma Hanks, University of South Alabama
  • This research aims to assess the strengths and challenges to the WIC program implemented by the Mobile County Health Department. Researchers used Focus Group Interviews in Mobile, Alabama. Data from seven FGIs – three conducted in Spanish and four in English – were transcribed, coded and analyzed to produce this report. Participants expressed high satisfaction with various aspects of the program, including clinic visits, appointments, and staff interactions. They reported effective utilization of the EBT card and expressed satisfaction with the refueling process, highlighted challenges with redeeming benefits as the most significant issue they faced, faced difficulties purchasing items due to differences in packaging or codes. Several former participants discontinued the program after encountering such challenges multiple times, despite receiving explanations from staff members on how to navigate these issues. These issues will likely require involving vendors in developing solutions. Some participants emphasized transportation challenges and work schedule conflicts as barriers to keeping clinic appointments. Innovative suggestions for store pickup, home delivery, telehealth appointments, and after work appointments emerged from the FGIs. Cultural responsiveness is essential for effective program delivery. The Hispanic population specifically requested the inclusion of more Hispanic food items.
  • Exploring the Influence of General Strain Theory on the Relationships Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adulthood Prescription Drug Misuse. .....Abby Gray Williamson, University of Central Florida ; and Thomas Stafford Jones, University of Central Florida
  • The understanding of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their link to later-life consequences is well established. Concerns have arisen regarding the factors that lead young individuals to experiment and misuse drugs. Integrating General Strain Theory (GST) provides a nuanced perspective on these outcomes. The objective of this project is to (A) utilize the Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) longitudinal study to explore the outcomes of individuals who have experienced Physical, Sexual, or Emotional Abuse. (B) Starting in the academic year of 1994-95, surveys and interviews were conducted in the homes of over 20,000 adolescents, spanning grades 7 through 12. (C) Chi-squared analysis was used to compare these variables, assessing whether childhood abuse significantly influences substance misuse in adulthood. In addition, to control for confounding variables, a Multivariate Regression was conducted to test the effects of these outside influences. The primary variables examined for outside influence were those related to mental health. (D) The results consistently indicate a significant connection between childhood abuse and later misuse of prescription drugs in adulthood, aligning with GST by demonstrating how strains related to childhood abuse can increase the likelihood of substance misuse as a form of coping or adaptation.
  • Compassion Fatigue in Kentucky Animal Shelter Workers. .....Elizabeth Perkins, Morehead State University; Suzanne Tallichet, Morehead State University; and Matthew Fitch, Morehead State University
  • This research explores compassion fatigue and its inhabitance amongst animal shelter workers across urban and rural counties throughout Kentucky. The data acquired from the survey was used to examine the similarities that indicate the “care and kill” phenomena and its effect on shelter worker resilience. First, a link was provided to all prospective shelters to access the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQol). An internet questionnaire was then dispersed to management, supervisors, and any workers that would like to provide responses in all participating shelters. The surveys were anonymous and voluntary to protect individuals that elected not to take the survey, omit a question, or release themselves from the survey at any time. Throughout the survey, consistent themes were discovered during the coding of responses to certain questions. Some of these themes included, but were not limited to, disheartening feelings about euthanasia, failed or complete lack of healthy coping strategies, feelings of hopelessness, and lengthy rationalizations due to the passion that connects with the severity of compassion fatigue.
68. Walking Tour of Historic Germantown
Saturday | 11:00 am-12:30 pm | Germantown Tour

Organizer: Katherine Everhart, University of Virginia at Wise
Presider: Valeria Eadler, Middle Tennessee State University
Saturday, October 19th 11:00am-12:30pm Starting Point: Tennessee State Museum, 1000 Rosa L Parks Blvd Note: This tour is limited to the first 20 people to sign up. Contact: Katherine Everhart, sks9nm@uvawise.edu
69. Disease, Disaster, and the Environment [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Virtual 1

Organizer: DeMond Miller, Rowan University
Presider: Micah Pyles, Western Carolina University
  • Xenophobia, Immigration and Disease. .....Abigail Reiter, UNC Pembroke; and Aziza Samieva, Wake Tech Community College
  • White privilege is created and maintained through various means, and is perpetuated by individuals, institutions, and ideologies. This privilege is somewhat maintained, and also reflected in, the cultural normative nature of whiteness. When a group is considered the norm, as are whites in the US, their identity is not contingent upon the status characteristic that characterizes the “other.” Instead, whites are seen as devoid of race, which allows for other aspects of who they are to become more salient in their identity. And, unlike racial minority groups, upon which various negative assumptions are imposed, the behaviors of whites are not viewed in light of their race. Whites are not seen as representatives of their race, nor are their behaviors routinely seen as evidence for the validity of racial stereotypes that can harm the entire group. Implicit white normativity is secured by the othering of those considered racial minorities. Othering refers to the processes and structures that engender marginality and perpetual inequality across any perceived differences related to group identities, including ethnicity and race. Racial and ethnic othering is achieved for strategic reasons, including political and social gains of whites, economic stratification, policy strategy, disputes over territory, scare jobs, and so on. And once a group is othered, objectification, vilification, fear and even violence towards that group become likely. Throughout history, political and social rhetoric surrounding pandemics have successfully othered racial and ethnic minority groups, as seen in the term, “Chinese Virus,” used regularly to refer to the Coronavirus of 2019. By doing this, fear and hatred are incited and directed towards the Chinese, or those perceived as Chinese, which has been responsible for an increase in anti-Asian discrimination, prejudice, violence, and hate crimes. This paper explores the concepts of white normatively and white privilege, and how they are enhanced by the othering of Asians through rhetoric and discourse surrounding COVID-19.
  • Reflections on Race-based Urban Health Disparities: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic. .....Micah Pyles, Western Carolina University; Asa Iacobucci, Bridgewater State University; Liam Downey, University of Colorado, Boulder; and Adenife Modile, University of Colorado, Boulder
  • The visibility of Black-White disparities in overall rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality have become central to the national conversation of COVID-19. In explaining these inequalities, medical science underscores the heightened prevalence of pre-existing health conditions or “comorbidities” among disproportionately impacted groups, often employing the language of genetics and biologic predisposition while ignoring the role of allostatic load and the social determinants of health. In response, we historicize the confluence of structural forces that strongly shape where many African-Americans live, learn, work, and play (i.e., the disinvested urban center). We then identify how the structured conditions of hyper-segregated, urban life result in the elevated prevalence of underlying COVID-19 comorbidities in Black urban communities. In doing this we: (i) challenge the usefulness of biogenetic explanations for the COVID-19 racial death gap, (ii) counter racialized stereotypes that blame the victims of structurally induced health disparities, and (iii) contribute to the health disparities and racial legacies literatures.
  • Power Elite Theory in Global Environmental Conflicts. .....Emily Katherine Swanson, University of Florida
  • Throughout its history as a discipline, sociology has attempted to understand power. More recently, American sociologists' concern with power, as ignited by the work of C. Wright Mills, has been saliently concerned with the unequal distribution of power both within the USA and on the global stage. Further, a pressing, truly existential issue in connection with power is the climate crisis and environmental justice. Studies in climate policy could benefit from the broader lens offered by the Mills. Sociologists can glean novel insights into environmental conflict by examining Mills’ work and building a connection between the multi-scalar approach and interdisciplinary research to connect history, biography, and society. This conference paper will first examine the contribution of Mills’ work on issues of studying and conceptualizing power, then discuss the application of Mills’ work in developing a sociological understanding of environmental justice and its current and historical trends in global policies with case study examples. In employing the sociological imagination, disparate issues like climate change, human trafficking, poverty, resource and species depletion, and extrajudicial killings of Indigenous and environmental activists are not separate issues but part of the same social conflict resulting from the continuation of the interest by the power elite.
  • Angle of Attack: The 737 MAX Tragedy Frame and the Discrediting of DEI. .....Milton Vickerman, University of Virginia
  • Boeing’s ongoing implosion is an international, human, financial, and reputational tragedy. The company, which once stood at the pinnacle of American engineering excellence, is now routinely ridiculed. But the implosion also has strong racial implications. Anti-DEI activists, spurred by 2023's Supreme Court ruling overthrowing affirmative action, claim that the company's disasters stem from its hiring of unqualified women and minorities. They intend to destroy DEI policies by associating them with tragedy. This paper critically analyzes the activists' arguments, methods, and likelihood of success.
  • The Dark Side of Vicarious Citizenship. .....Jeffrey Parker, University of New Orleans; and Ciel Quebedeaux, University of New Orleans
  • This paper examines the relevance of audience on neighborhood processes using the case of Atlanta, Georgia. We build on Greene’s (2014) work on vicarious citizenship (which itself builds on Hunter’s (1974) work on vicarious community) in which non-locals make political and social claims on areas with which they culturally identify, in which he used the case of members of the LGBT community who had been gentrified out of urban gayborhoods. Drawing our own interviews and the history of land use in Atlanta and its suburbs, we examine a different case of vicarious citizenship: people whose families or who themselves were part of a pattern one might call white flight (Kruse 2007) making often inflammatory and racialized claims about what contemporary Atlanta is or ought to be based on their own cultural claims to the city. Whereas Greene focuses on the voices of those traditionally denied power because of their economic and social marginality, we show vicarious citizenship can also look like revanchism (Smith 1996), or a desire to “take back” the city by the powerful. NOTE: work in progress based on recently conducted interviews
70. Sociology of the Profession [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Virtual 2

Presider: Deniz Yucel, William Paterson University of New Jersey
  • Co-visioning a Transformed Society through Precariously Employed Subjects of Disablement’s Critiques of Productivity. .....Ioana Cerasella Chis, University of Birmingham
  • This talk explores the vantage points of twenty-seven UK-based gig economy workers subjected to disablement oppression and exploitation, in relation to what it means to be a ‘productive member of society’, how 'productivity' could be critiqued, what they would replace productivity with, and what they would do if money were no object. The reflections shared by participants as co-visionaries in this project offer insight into how to struggle collectively (through trade unions, Disabled People’s Organisations, and other collectives) towards the new horizons of a transformed society. The horizons are based, concretely, on alternative social relations prefigured against-and-beyond the disabling capitalist institution of work. Centring participants’ political aspirations in the way adopted here (through the ethico-political praxis of seeking and amplifying under-represented vantage points) goes against the mainstream individual model of disability’s narrow search for the subjects of disablement’s pathologised ‘needs’ that ignores questions of their desires and collective struggles for flourishing. Rather than seek to reveal deeper meanings behind participants’ perspectives or selectively rescue the limited usefulness of work undertaken for a wage, this talk points to the contradictions that the participants have faced in their everyday lives and what they regard as the way out of such contradictions.
  • “Strangers” of the Academy: Cultural Capital Influencing the Career Mobility and Integration of Immigrant Faculty in U.S. Higher Education. .....Debaleena Ghosh, Georgia Southwestern State University
  • Drawing on 66 in-depth interviews with immigrant (i.e., foreign-born) faculty members, administrators, and administrative personnel and an estimated 42 hours of ethnography at a large public university in the rural Midwest, this study documents how immigrant faculty members in U.S. academia experience cultural barriers to career mobility and integration among their U.S.-born colleagues and students—rarely explored in past scholarship. This study applies an intersectional lens grounded in the theories on tokenism and Pierre Bourdieu’s idea of cultural capital to show how cultural assets or skills, such as accent or proficiency in American English, food or drinking habits, religion, clothing styles, popular sports, humor, and bodily gestures produce cultural tokens— “outsiders-within” or “strangers”—in U.S. academia. However, in addition to the organizational and departmental culture of diversity, the dominant ideologies—and statuses—associated with gender, race, and ethnicity determine the extent to which immigrant faculty members experience tokenism (i.e., heightened boundaries and scrutiny) at work. Additionally, this study shows how some groups who approximate the hegemonic ethnic markers still find themselves being held up against dominant cultural standards.
  • Teachers are not your politicians: The disconnection between teachers’ agency and the political atmosphere of the classroom. .....Alicia Walker, Missouri State University; and Madeline Cope, Missouri State University
  • Within the current literature on K-12 teachers, there is a lack of research discussing the factors that influence teachers’ willingness to remain in or exit the classroom. This literature also fails to address the political climate with which teachers are faced. In this pilot study, we asked participants about their experiences in the classroom as K-12 teachers. Our sample includes 14 qualitative interviews (7 current; 7 former K-12 teachers). The majority of respondents stated they feel their pay is inadequate for the workload and burden they take on as teachers. They felt misunderstood by parents who assumed that teachers have control of legislation regarding the classroom. Furthermore, they expressed frustration with the assumption that teachers indoctrinate students, a mindset held by both parents and the public. Other respondents expressed frustration with the current book bans restricting what they can teach kids. Several participants also expressed frustration and concern about bans on discussing LGBTQ topics in the classroom. Many respondents reported struggling to navigate our current political atmosphere and democracy within the classroom while facing these challenges. Among these respondents, some left or considered leaving the profession for this reason.
  • From Office to Home: How Meaningful Work Shapes Well-Being Across Locations. .....Deniz Yucel, William Paterson University of New Jersey
  • While research has shown that meaningful work is associated with outcomes such as work-life balance, job stress, and health, what we do not know is whether meaningful work acts as a moderator where it can potentially influence the association between work location and well-being. In the present study, we are inspired by Magrizos and colleagues’ (2023) recommendation on extending their study, which explores the effect of meaningful work on work-life balance and job stress and whether this varies by the level of an individual’s workaholism. They assert: “Another possibility is that meaningful work moderates the relationship between workaholism and job stress/work-life balance. Replication of similar research questions to ours, in different contexts (such as specific industries or countries), work settings (such as working from an office or hybrid models), and work measures could potentially yield fruitful results.” Following this, this study asks whether working from home daily impacts employee well-being and whether perceived meaningfulness of work moderates this association. The preliminary results suggest that working from home daily is associated with worse work-life balance and health. These associations are stronger for those with higher levels of perceived meaningfulness of work whereas weaker for those with lower levels. On the other hand, there is no effect for those with moderate levels. Overall, this confirms that while the meaningfulness of work acts as a moderator, the effect is nonlinear. Next, the study will replicate the same analyses for those working daily from the office. These next steps will demonstrate whether meaningful work shapes well-being differently across various locations.
71. Theorizing the Apocalypse: Constructive Approaches to Crises - Theory Mini-Conference [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Virtual 4

Organizer: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Presider: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
  • Teaching the Economic Apocalypse. .....Adam Rafalovich, Pacific University
  • This paper examines possible approaches to teaching about economic apocalypses to sociology undergraduates. Drawing upon my experience in preparing lecture content on this issue I would like to share my experiences in addressing these highly important concerns that have become more relevant in recent years. My approach to teaching economic apocalypses draws upon a preliminary discussion of the systemic fragility within our globalized economic system and then applies these systemic ideas to four major economic events that are pertinent to Western societies. These are the tulip mania in Amsterdam, 1637, the global stock market crash of 1929, the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s, and the great financial crisis that occurred in 2008. These events are tied together from a viewpoint that demonstrates the relationship between individual actors and unregulated, or poorly understood, markets.
  • Apocalyptic Imagery, Normative Structures of Collective Life and the Search of New Forms of Social Mediation. .....Reha Kadakal, California State University Channel Islands
  • Apocalyptic/Post-Apocalyptic motifs have become a constant element of our collective imagery, spanning cultural artifacts, political discourse, the news, and journalistic and even the commonest predictions on how the national and global conflicts, human ecosystems and technological advancements would end. In this paper I pursue a form of social theory as a form of intervention that allows to recognize apocalyptic collective imagery as intimations of determinate moments and transformations in collective life. More specifically, I outline elements of critical ontology as a form of social theory by building on Lukács’s ontology, Hegel’s categories of mechanism and chemism and Durkheim’s social theory that draws a distinction between mechanical and organic forms of collective life as forms of social objectivity. Accordingly, the key to recognize the apocalyptic collective imagery and developing an adequate intervention that is anchored concretely in collective life reside in apprehending social objectivity in terms of its inner structure, i.e., in terms of forms of solidarity that determine how elements of social totality—collective life—relate to each other. This analysis reveals, in turn, we are a historical moment and an urgent need in collective life for radically new social institutions that would allow for new forms of mediation between the individual and social totality and as a negation of the commodity form and its ever-expanding social logic. Theory becomes a form of praxis when and to the extent that it can coherently outline the conditions of radically new forms of mediation, that is, when it can adequately apprehend categories and their ontology.
  • How to Avoid the Apocalypse? Towards the Societal Rationalization of the Economy. .....Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
  • The societal rationalization of the economy refers to the process of progressive societal “overarching” of the capitalist economy. There is currently only one “candidate” that has the potential to facilitate such "overarching": democracy as the “organizational principle” that is central to the self-understanding of modern societies. Paradoxically however, debates about democracy largely have remained at the level of reinforcing existing conditions, typically in regressive form. Yet, an entirely different notion of democracy has become increasingly necessary. Democracy would then be synonymous with the social values of freedom, equality, and solidarity. This democratic rationalization would not translate into upheaval of the economic system, but into embedding the latter in a society whose normative and legitimizing identity is increasingly determined by its democratic character. Democracy would need to exceed the domain of political rule but be appreciated as crucial for modern society. The two poles of modernity, capitalism and democracy, would thus once again offer starting points for quasi-utopian impulses, albeit neither in a revolutionary, nor a subversive way, but in a manner that would increase the probability that apocalypse is not inevitable.
  • Ecological Crisis and Ecological Crisis Diagnosis. .....Roderick Condon, Trinity College Dublin
  • This paper uses Habermas’s theory of legitimation crisis as a framework to consider the problem of planetary ecological crisis and its societal consequences today. The paper takes its lead from recent interest in Habermas’s theory alongside longstanding research in environmental sociology. It has two sets of concerns. The first is theorizing ecological crisis in the sense of relating planetary ecological crisis to the system of capitalist society as it is described in Habermas’s text. The second is theorizing ecological crisis diagnosis in the sense of examining the paradigm and claims of Earth System Science and considering its implications for social transformation. Here, a distinction is made between reflexive and conventional science as opposing approaches to ecological crisis. The former opens the horizons of problem-solving towards the transformation of social norms as well as technologies, increasing political demands for discursive justification and driving will-formation in environmental movements. The latter delimits problem-solving towards techno-utopian fixes, driving the continuation of civil privatism and defusing crisis consciousness through crisis deferral.
72. Teaching Health Professions Students [Workshop]
Saturday | 2:00 pm-3:15 pm | Virtual 3

Organizer: Xan Nowakowski, Florida State University
This interactive workshop sponsored by the Committee on the Profession will orient participants to effective approaches for teaching health professions students at various stages of career development. Our presenters each have over a decade of experience teaching health professions learners in undergraduate, post-baccalaureate, graduate, and professional degree and certificate programs. Both presenters also work with practicing clinicians for continuing education, providing both general interdisciplinary sociomedical science enrichment and detailing on specific related care competencies. Possible topics for group discussion include classroom activities for learners in different stages and types of clinical education, barriers faced by students pursuing health professions careers and how to address them, helpful resources for learners in diverse training and practice pathways, navigating an increasingly team-based clinical education and health care delivery landscape, and making core sociology content accessible for students coming in from laboratory science disciplines. We will tailor the workshop heavily to questions from attendees—so come prepared with things you’ve always wanted to know about teaching health professions students and ask away!

Panelists:
  • Xan Nowakowski, Florida State University;
  • J. Sumerau, University of Tampa;
73. Criminology and Criminal Justice [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Virtual 1

Presider: Nicola Davis Bivens, Johnson C. Smith University
  • Mass Shooters and the Death Penalty: An Exploration of Sentencing Outcomes and Changes Over Time. .....Adam Lankford, The University of Alabama; and Tova Cohen, The University of Alabama
  • Mass shooters commit some of the most extreme crimes in the United States, their attacks are almost always premeditated, and their guilt is almost never in doubt. However, they rarely receive the death penalty. To learn more, we examined the frequency of various outcomes for public mass shooters who attacked from 1966-2023 (n = 189), along with factors that could explain sentencing differences and changes over time. Our findings suggest only 12% of all U.S. mass shooters received a death penalty sentence, but nearly 40% who made it to adjudication and were eligible got that sentence. Many demographic, aggravating, and mitigating factors did not differ significantly between shooters who were and were not sentenced to death, but state politics did. Over time, fewer mass shooters were sentenced to death in both blue states and red states, and the change in red states indicates a major reversal from prior decades.
  • Hidden Perspectives: The Homeless Population and Their Perceptions of Unfair Police Treatment. .....Chloe Catherine Davenport, Middle Tennessee State University; and Vaun Baltimore, Middle Tennessee State University
  • Homelessness in the United States is a dire issue requiring immediate attention. Studies on the homeless population and their interactions with police are sparse and tend to generally lack longitudinal data, geographic variation, and data on more diverse populations. Utilizing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), the present study aims to give a valuable chance to researchers. Following participants from their adolescent years into their adult lives provides the opportunity to pinpoint life events like homelessness which could forecast future behaviors and attitudes, including the perception of experiencing unjust treatment by law enforcement. The findings suggest that respondents with a history of homelessness were found to have approximately 2.4 times the odds of reporting unfair police treatment. Model 2 controlled for additional socioeconomic variables and the inclusion of these controls did not significantly impact the effect size or significance of the history of homelessness. Controlling for all other variables, Model 2 showed that a history of homelessness led to 2.32 times increased odds of reporting unfair treatment by police. This research aims to fill gaps in literature about how a history of homelessness can impact the number of interactions with police unfairly and give a voice to marginalized groups who are often ignored in research. This research underscores the need for policy interventions that address the root causes of homelessness and promote equitable treatment by law enforcement.
  • Higher Education and Public Safety Organizations: Successful Collaborations for Diversity. .....Nicola Davis Bivens, Johnson C. Smith University
  • The public safety professions (law enforcement, fire protection, and emergency management) have historically lacked diversity despite the fact they serve diverse communities. Racism, lack of career awareness, negative opinions about the professions, negative police-community relations, and ineffective recruiting are factors which have largely resulted in these professions being largely dominated by White males. There have been a number of initiatives in place by these agencies to diversify the organizations. Unfortunately, these initiatives have largely been unsuccessful as a number of social, economic, and political factors have made it difficult for the various public safety professions to recruit for diversity. Representation in the profession helps bridge their relationship and service to the communities they serve. This paper will examine the diversity of public safety organizations and the various strategies which show promise as solutions to the problem, with an emphasis on higher education partnerships and collaboration.
  • In Search of a Place Called “Home”: Domestic Violence, Homelessness, and Mobility Across the U.S. Legal Landscape. .....Julio Richard Montanez, University of Central Florida
  • A parallel exists between domestic violence (DV) and homelessness. The anchor of this parallel is (im)mobility, or the (in)ability to move. Indeed, from people seeking shelter on public transportation, to fleeing abusive households, the ability to activate movement for one’s well-being is an important aspect of everyday life. Unexplored is how this phenomenon is activated in the law. The current study examines state-level DV and homelessness laws under a sociology of (im)mobilities theoretical framework. A systematic search for legal statutes across the United States (U.S.) was conducted by entering search terminologies (e.g., “domestic violence,” “move,” “relocation,” “homeless”) into a legal database, Westlaw, resulting in 111 initial statute records. After deduplication and full-text appraisal, the current study retained a final sample of 18 statutes across nine states and the District of Columbia. The mixed-methods approach was two-pronged: first, a quantitative collocation analysis of nodal mobility terms in relation to adjacent text; and second, a discourse analysis of statutes informed by the collocation analysis. The importance of this mixed-methods analysis involves understanding how state governments of the U.S. legislate the ability to move, particularly in the context of social problems.
  • Restorative Justice: Understanding the Appeal of Supernatural Justice in Ghana. .....Stella Korleki Apenkro, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
  • The arrival of colonialism in Gold Coast present-day Ghana and traditions such as Christianity weakened the belief in deities and ancestors by denigrating the image of these beings and reducing any service they proffered, including the adjudication and dispensing of justice as demonic and harmful, with the inherited colonial justice system perceived as civil and humane. Thus, under the Native Jurisdiction Ordinance of 1883 and 1892 instituted by the colonial administration, adjudication by supernatural entities and practices such as oath swearing and Duab) were banned. The supernatural adjudication process, which was presided over by supernatural entities and traditional priests, lost grounds to the constitutional courts established by the colonial authorities under the laws of the Gold Coast and the current laws of Ghana. Despite this ban, seeking justice in the shrines of these supernatural entities is on the ascendency, playing a significant role in Ghanaian social-political activities, with practices such as Duab) taking center stage, making one wonder why the supernatural justice system has increased patronage. While Abotchie (1997) ascribes the high patronage of the supernatural justice system to the escapelessness of the offender, Tweneboah (2021) explains that economic disputes resulting from a lack of effective legal enforcement yield easily to the deployment of spiritual justice. To add to the extant literature, I argue that the increased patronage of the supernatural justice system is due to the restorative nature of punishment under the supernatural justice system.
74. Investigating Inequalities and Social Movements [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Virtual 3

Presider: Monica Bixby Radu, Southeast Missouri State University
  • Deinstitutionalisation, Neoliberalism and Urbanism: A Confluence of Neglect and Exploitation. .....Ryan Harris, Georgia State University
  • In the second half of the 20th century, several dramatic and dynamic movements took hold to reshape mental health care delivery and the spaces in which it occurred: namely the deinstitutionalisation of the asylum system, the rise and dominance of Neoliberalism, and the exodus and then return of capital to the inner-city. While it is beyond the scope of this paper to unpack each of these histories, I will focus on the confluence of these factors as they have come together to create America’s current mental health crisis particularly as it intersects with homelessness and incarceration. This paper will explore the shortcomings of the mental health care system since the rise of neoliberal ideology and economic practices that have contributed to the concurrent crises in housing and urban life such as gentrification and the militarization of police and the carceral state that exacerbate these issues. Finally, the paper charts a preliminary exploration of some contemporary grassroots movements that are attempting to bridge the gap in social services including CareWave and Silencing the Shame in Atlanta and Treatment Not Trauma in Chicago.
  • “I Have No Family”: A Qualitative Analysis of Crowdfunding for Pet Care Amidst Personal Hardships. .....Monica Bixby Radu, Southeast Missouri State University
  • This paper explores the use of GoFundMe as a platform for individuals to seek financial help for their pets' medical care, often in the context of broader personal hardships such as unemployment, health issues, and the absence of family support. Pets are frequently described as surrogate family members, offering vital emotional support amidst loneliness and social isolation. Through a qualitative analysis of these campaigns, this study examines how individuals navigate the stigma associated with publicly requesting help, particularly in relation to both pet care and their own financial and emotional struggles. It also considers how social capital, through online communities and networks, shapes the ability to access resources and overcome stigma. The narratives emphasize the mutual dependency between individuals and their pets, reflecting the deep emotional bonds that drive them to seek assistance despite societal judgment. This research contributes to a broader understanding of how crowdfunding platforms function as spaces of financial relief and emotional vulnerability, highlighting the intersection of personal crises, stigma, and pet care.
  • Historical-Comparative Analyses of Social Acceptance in the United States, Turkiye, and South Africa. .....Ismail Yigit, Tennessee State University; and Karin Abel, Tennessee State University
  • Taking a historical-comparative approach, our goal in this paper is to investigate the social acceptance of people in three countries: the United States, Turkiye, and South Africa. More specifically, we are interested in socio-historical developments related to racial/ethnic conflicts and income inequality and their impact on the social acceptance of racially different people, immigrants/foreign workers, and religiously dissimilar individuals. To accomplish our goal, we draw on Contact Theory and use data from the World Values Surveys (WVS) and the World Bank. Regarding the former, we include seven survey waves spanning from 1981 to 2022. Our analysis shows that social acceptance varies significantly across the three countries and that the history of racial/ethnic conflict is an important factor in shaping these outcomes. When racial/ethnic conflicts increase, the social acceptance of racially/ethnically different people and immigrants/foreign workers decreases. As for the relationship between income inequality and social acceptance, the results are mixed. On the whole, this relationship seems to be rather weak.
  • “Choices, Choices”: The Struggle Between Identity and Orientation in the BDSM Community. .....Alicia Walker, Missouri State University; and Sawyer Ray Wampler, Missouri State University
  • While significant research exists regarding identity and orientation, current research lacks on whether subgroups of BDSM communities regard their inclusion as an identity, orientation, or both, if at all. The current study asked BDSM community members if they consider their inclusion in the committee as an orientation, identity, both, or neither. Of the 111 interviews conducted in this study, self-identified dominants, submissives, and switches heavily leaned toward considering their inclusion in this community as either identity or neither identity nor orientation. Those who identified their connection to BDSM as an identity did so because they felt that BDSM was an intrinsic part of themselves and their lives, similar to how people perceive their own sexuality or gender. Those who felt their connection to BDSM was neither an identity nor an orientation cited that they thought BDSM was a hobby or lifestyle, something that is more of a pastime and not deeply connected to who they are as an individual. The stark difference between those who characterize BDSM as an identity and those who characterize it as an orientation (i.e. attracted to BDSM) is particularly intriguing, given that orientation was often conflated with being inherent (or our definition of an identity).
  • Exploring Student Movements in Bangladesh in Relation to Political Environment through the Lens of Repression based Social Movements. .....Aishwarya Ahmed, Oklahoma State University
  • In order to understand student movements in Bangladesh, this study seeks to explicate the interaction of student activism and movement with the national political climate. This study examines contemporary student politics in Bangladesh with a particular focus on the trend of student activism and movement with different regimes and see if there has been a pattern and how that relationship unfolds itself. The study focuses on the history since 1971, after the liberation of Bangladesh, to present times, to observe multiple regime changes, from military regimes to electoral democracy, along with the student activism and movement. The study was conducted qualitatively, based on secondary data sources. Based on the historical context and political opportunity theory, collective identity theory, soft and hard repression theory, I argued that Bangladesh’s student activism and movement depends on the nature of the regime, and by extension depends on the nature of repression. The study contends that student activism and movements persists more in the face of hard repression, but does not perform the same in the face of soft repression.
75. Social Theory and History: Habermas' Legitimation Crisis after 50 Years - Theory Mini-Conference [Regular Paper Session]
Saturday | 3:30 pm-4:45 pm | Virtual 4

Organizer: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Presider: Harry F. Dahms, University of Tennessee - Knoxville
  • What Hangs in the Anthropological Balance? On the Latent Phenomenology in Habermas’s Crisis Theory. .....Steven Dandaneau, Colorado State University
  • The value of any crisis theory, even one as densely argued as Legitimation Crisis (1975 [1973]), gravitates over time toward posited limit conditions. Within this development, the theory either realizes its purported value or its flaws are laid bare. Marking the fiftieth anniversary of the English translation, I call attention to Part II, Chapter 2, “Problems Resulting from Advanced-Capitalist Growth” (41-44), Habermas’ prescient discussion of the “Ecological,” “Anthropological,” and “International Balance” as limit conditions for advanced capitalist society. In today’s parlance, this section addresses the sustainability of the social formation that, via globalization, is dominant worldwide, and is the rough equivalent of the sociologist of Pompeii duly referencing the presence of Vesuvius. Originally a sideshow with an explicit 50-year ramp-up, Habermas’ limit-conditions have now erupted onto centerstage. My focus is narrow, or seemingly narrow. I argue that the anthropological balance is of particular contemporary importance and for three reasons: a) Habermas’ conceptualization derives from and is most meaningful in relation to his distinctive system/lifeworld grand theory, which constituted the analytical framework for Legitimation Crisis but which received fulsome development only in Habermas’ two-volume magnum opus, The Theory of Communicative Action (1987 [1981], 1984 [1981]); b) the anthropological balance, so called, is also the most opaque of Habermas’ three posited limit conditions, requiring careful explication and, as we shall see, ever-renewed reference to empirical data and lived experience; and, lastly, c) the anthropological balance defines the exclusive field of experience and action potentially productive of liberatory possibilities, the last serving as the raison d’etre for the type of theory—critical social theory—to which Habermas means to contribute and for which he is famous. That discussion of the anthropological balance occupies the whole of two paragraphs in Legitimation Crisis and yet, as noted, is central to The Theory of Communicative Action, to Habermas’ 1982 reformulation of Legitimation Crisis, to his 2022 reflection on The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962) and to his 2023 reflections on deliberative democracy, is indicative, I think, of the live, endemic, albeit often implicit and overly systematized phenomenology at the heart of Habermas’ broadly sociological 20th century reformulation of classical 19th century Marxian crisis theory. If there is a distinctive quality to my reading of an oft-read text, it is my emphasis on Habermas’ phenomenology. Still, let me emphasize that I am unpacking a merely two-paragraph suitcase, overstuffed as it may be.
  • Habermas, Weber, and the Legitimacy of Communitarian Authority. .....Dan Krier, Iowa State University
  • Questions of political legitimacy unite Habermas with Weber, whose systems of domination (traditional, charismatic, rational) were grounded in three distinct modes of legitimate authority. Weber’s writings on parliaments, representative assemblies, and other deliberative bodies pointed toward but never quite coalesced into a fourth mode of communitarian authority within a collegial form of domination. Collegial domination was historically realized most fully in communal-pietist conventicles that emerged out of the radical reformation. These collegial groups were socially inclusive, egalitarian, voluntary and were governed through emergent agreement in discursive assembly. This essay argues that Habermas’s writings, including Legitimation Crisis and the Theory of Communicative Action, theorize political reason congruent with communal authority in collegial groupings.
  • From Motivation to Desertion: Habermas, Berardi, and the Problem of Ethical Madness in Planetary Sociology. .....Joel Crombez, Kennesaw State University
  • Of the functional requirements for modern society, the motivational factor is often under analyzed. Although Parsons and Habermas treated this as a cultural problem—insofar as it is primarily the cultural sphere where pattern maintenance occurs—the effect is most visible in the social psychology of youth. With the eclipsing of the social by planetary problems—such as climate change, global economic crises, and threat of renewed world war—many youths today are struggling because of the contradictions between the cultural goals and the institutional means to attain them, which increasing appear as an insurmountable chasm. One result is the mainstream resurgence of right-wing anger and hatred which provides an impotent and irrationally directed outlet for these frustrations. Although it has attracted a number of youth, the majority appear to lean toward progressive ideologies; even if they remain underdeveloped. However, the ability to transform attitude into action, especially at the planetary level, is not only stymied by the culture industry’s reliance upon the logic of capital, but so too is the political sphere so deeply entrenched in that logic that ethical political action is today often an impossibility. This has led the theorist and philosopher Berardi to recently proclaim that desertion—the retreat from the actions prescribed by the parties in power—is the only ethical choice. In this paper, I extrapolate upon this claim to examine how this would feed into the motivation crisis and shape the future of our planetary life.
  • Prescience and Limits of Habermas' Legitimation Crisis. .....Robert Antonio, University of Kansas
  • This presentation will analyze the prescient and still valid critical themes of Habermas’ Legitimation Crisis. It will also address problems of the thesis and political-economic and socio-political changes and subsequent legitimation problems that contradict or simply were unanticipated by Habermas.






Index to Participants

Abbott, Jessica: 27 , 44
Abel, Karin: 74
Abney, Ayondayla: 62
Acharya, Sanjeev: 52
Aday, Ron: 27
Ademule, David Oluwashina: 15
Ahmed, Aishwarya: 74
Aitken, Lauren Nicole: 65
Akoma, Lemmy: 63
Alberty, Rebecca Rose: 4
Allen, Janeice: 48
Alvero, AJ: 63
Anderson, Kai: 16
Antonio, Robert: 75
Apenkro, Stella Korleki: 73
Appleford, Trenton: 62
Arthur, Jecorey: 19
Ashe, Austin W: 39
Asitibasi, Terence Amankatoa: 67
Austin, Andrew Wayne: 11
Authement, Catherine Rene`: 1
Baker, Mary: 38
Baltimore, Vaun: 24 , 27 , 73
Barker, Jessica: 10
Barnette, Lily: 35
Barrett, Adeline: 1
Barringer, Mandi N.: 64
Barton, Ashtin: 62
Barton, Chandleigh: 1
Beasley, Jaycob: 31
Bhattacharya, Sukanya: 29
Biddles, Emma: 15
Bisciglia, Michael: 46
Blanton, Natalie: 18
Bledsoe-Gardner, Anita: 33 , 54
Bonaparte, Yosef: 42
Borg, Marian: 63
Boulahanis, John: 4 , 46
Bounds, Chris: 2
Brackett, Kimberly: 32
Brooks, Marcus: 21 , 45 , 49 , 54
Brown, Amari Geneva: 39
Buchanan, Jareh: 48
Burke, Jessica Lynn: 7 , 16 , 31 , 36
Burzynski, Joe: 23
Bush, James: 52
Carter, Alicia: 43
Castillo, Sarah: 13 , 20 , 49
Chananie, Ruth: 11 , 43
Chang, I Joyce: 31
Chis, Ioana Cerasella: 70
Church, Jacob: 43
Clemens, Patrick: 36
Coheely, Joshua: 22
Cohen, Tova: 73
Condon, Roderick: 71
Cooper, Katie: 25
Cope, Madeline: 70
Copley, Emily: 62
Corbett, Christianne Marie: 47
Crockett-Woods, Harriet: 26
Crofts, Ethan Elliot: 35
Crombez, Joel: 5 , 13 , 29 , 57 , 75
Crouse, Angela Allgood: 52
Crouse, Angie: 49
Cucksee, Emil M: 31
Dahms, Harry F.: 6 , 13 , 22 , 29 , 57 , 61 , 66 , 71 , 75
Dandaneau, Steven: 57 , 66 , 75
Davenport, Chloe Catherine: 27 , 73
Davidson, Theresa Clare: 38
Davis Bivens, Nicola: 73
Davis, Rachel E.: 3 , 4 , 12 , 56
Davis, Stephen: 33 , 41
Davison, Rebecca K: 50
DeRouen, Jo: 28
Deshotels, Tina: 3 , 5 , 47
Dhingra, Umang: 42
Dong, Ruohong: 63
Donley, Sarah Beth: 4 , 8 , 41
Douglas, Camara: 19
Downey, Liam: 69
Duxbury, Scott: 27
Dye, Meredith Huey: 27 , 42
Eadler, Valeria: 53 , 68
Eargle, Lisa A.: 7 , 16 , 36
Elliott, Christopher: 41
Emerson, Michael: 19
Escue, Melanie Anne : 5 , 16 , 36 , 45
Esmail, Ashraf: 7 , 16 , 34
Esquibel, Jimmy Joe: 39
Everhart, Katherine: 53 , 68
Fan, Jiabin: 21
Fannin, Casey: 8 , 41
Feltmate, David: 32
Ferguson, Kaitlyn Sarah Nicole: 35
Fitch, Matthew: 67
Foreman, Cameron: 45
Forsyth, Craig J.: 3
Frierson, Whitney: 52
Gaskin, Symone Micah: 2
Gay, Opal: 4
Ghosh, Debaleena: 70
Gibb-Clark, Stephanie: 61
Gitaliyev, Ülvi: 35
Golde, Eli: 38
Gomez, Gabriele Jaclyn: 64
Goza, Joel: 19
Graham, Cameron Taylor: 59
Greenidge, Giselle: 2 , 17 , 26 , 54
Greenslade, Vanessa: 5 , 37
Griffin, Lillian: 31
Haizlp, Matine: 18
Hanks, Roma: 8 , 33 , 67
Hardwick, Clay: 15
Harris, Chasidy: 13
Harris, Ryan: 74
Hart, Laura: 22
Hatton, Freddie: 21
Haynes, Stacy: 1
Heitkamp, Amanda: 14
Henricks, Kasey: 28
Hernandez-Ramos, Jaqueline: 63
Herrle, Emily: 31
Herrle, Emily Michele: 31
Himes, Monica: 50
Howard, Elliott: 21 , 29
Howard, Ryan Jackson: 63
Huff-Corzine, Lin: 46
Humble, Jenna Catherine: 2
Hunt, Andrea Nicole: 47 , 51 , 54
Iacobucci, Asa: 69
ibn-Hyman, Sundjata: 30 , 39
Imlay, Aimee: 52
Isom, Deena: 49
James, M. Kelly: 60
James, Tierra: 43
Johnson, Althestien: 10
Johnson, Kelsey: 18
Johnson, Mariyah: 30
Johnson, Melencia: 17 , 26 , 30 , 51 , 62
Jones, Emerald: 30
Jones, Nastassia N.: 26 , 41
Jones, Thomas Stafford: 67
Kadakal, Reha: 66 , 71
Kanopka, Klint: 63
Kelley, Nancy: 8
Kemper, Noelle: 14
Kersen, Thomas Michael: 7 , 11
Khan, Mahir Mahmud: 31
King, Sanna: 1
Knop, Katie: 63
Knowles, Anthony J.: 29 , 61
Knox, David: 31
Koontz, Amanda: 65
Kopf, Colby Ryan: 65
Krier, Dan: 66 , 75
Kumar, Naman: 42
Lampe, Nik: 25
Lancaster, Kailee E.D.: 6 , 43
Lang, David: 63
Lankford, Adam: 73
Lawrence, Sara: 23
Leetham, Ilaisa`ane: 35
Lehman, Brett: 14 , 32 , 44
Leonard, Marie des Neiges: 21
Lillis, J. Porter: 16
Lippard, Cameron: 49
Lowry, Deborah: 59
Ma, Ying: 58
Mack, Michayla: 1
MacLean, Vicky M.: 6
Mangum, Maruice: 31
Marbang, Phattra: 20
Martin, Autumn Rena: 37
Martin, Cara Elizabeth: 36
Martinez Ramirez, Leonela: 43
Mason, Philip B: 59
Mathers, Lain A.B.: 25
May, David C.: 1 , 15 , 33
McCarty, Jessica: 30 , 55
McClain, Susan: 21
McClure, Timothy: 15
McCollum, John: 7
McCollum, John: 44
McGinley, Katie: 38
McGrath, Shelly: 5 , 27 , 31 , 34
McKinzie, Ashleigh: 28 , 37
McLaughlin, Heather: 4
McNett, Jacqueline: 32
Merrett, Ashton: 48
Mertig, Angela: 16
Mikles-Schluterman, Julie: 3
Miller, DeMond: 33 , 69
Miller, Lisa: 25
Min, Hosik: 67
Min, Hosik: 8
Mintz, Shara Anansa: 24
Modile, Adenife: 69
Moffatt, Barton: 15
Monk, Keziah: 45
Montanez, Julio Richard: 73
Moore, Christa: 65
Moore, Thomas: 60
Murray, Kimberly Michelle: 23
Napper, Sarah: 32
Nelson, Mikael Emmett: 18
Nicholas, Jennifer: 12
Nie, Fanhao: 64
Norman, Lauren: 9 , 32
Norton-Smith, Kathryn: 8
Nowakowski, Xan: 72
Noyongoyo, Boniface: 39
Nwoha, Ogbonnaya: 63
O`Neil, Shaun Patrick: 38
Ogunsina, Anjolaoluwa Joy: 64
Olufemi, Lola: 26
Orak, Ugur: 39
Padgett, Julian Aaron: 36
Pardee, Jessica W.: 28 , 67
Parker, Jeffrey: 69
Parker, Keith: 10 , 11
Patton, Andrea Rene: 35
Patton, Katie: 60
Pelfrey, Theresa: 32
Perkins, Elizabeth: 31 , 67
Perkins, Robert K. : 45
Perry, Kristie: 34 , 48
Petrie, Michelle: 59
Pohlmeier, Thomas: 14
Potter, Mike: 15
Powell, Chloe: 62
Prokosch, Marjorie: 28
Pyles, Micah: 69
Quebedeaux, Ciel: 69
Radu, Monica Bixby: 12 , 63 , 74
Rafalovich, Adam: 71
Rahman, Afra Sayara: 4
Rainock, Meagan: 2 , 37 , 52
Ralston, Margaret: 52
Raymond, Julietta: 12 , 34
Reeves, Patricia: 19
Reiter, Abigail: 58 , 69
Reiter, Miranda: 58
Rider, Erin L: 9 , 17 , 40
Ritter, Lacey: 31
Roberson, Sharon: 51
Robertson, Angela: 1
Robinson, Michaela Patsy: 37
Rodano, Colton: 2
Ross, Jeremy A: 22
Rowland, Aaron: 44
Samieva, Aziza: 69
Sanford, Edward: 43
Savage, Brenda: 64
Schlosser, Jennifer: 58
Schneider, Matthew Jerome: 9
Scott, Ashanti: 48
Seabold, Nicole: 27
Seay, Nancy: 19
Shrock, Peter John: 4
Simmons, Kiya Rayne: 22
Sims, Jennifer Patrice: 47
Skaggs, Sherry: 27
Skinner, Amy: 60
Slade, Teagan Ainsley: 31
Smith, David: 66
Smith, Jeremy: 13
Smith, Justin: 14
Sobba, Kristen Nicole: 58 , 63
Stacey, Lawrence: 6
Staten, Frances: 63
Stephens, Micaiah: 45
Stepp, Julie: 1
Stoner, Alexander: 57 , 61 , 66
Stowell, Kristen: 16
Sumerau, J. : 25 , 41 , 72
Sumlin, Cameron: 63
Swanson, Emily Katherine: 69
Tallichet, Suzanne: 67
Tasneem, Farah: 20 , 64
Tatch, Andrew James: 14
Thomas, Angela-Faith: 4
Tjarks, Kirsten: 31
Toohy, Kayla: 46
Traugot, Michael: 60
Turgeon, Brianna: 4 , 43
Ulsperger, Jason Shawn: 8 , 22
Ulsperger, Kristen: 22
Vadeboncoeur, Joshua: 43
Veitch, Stanley Adam: 43
Vera, Nadya: 61
Vergara, Angela: 20
Vicars, Ariel: 43
Vickerman, Milton: 69
Vincent, Jolene: 14
Viscarra, Eryn Grucza: 3
Waid, Courtney: 32
Walker, Alicia: 70 , 74
Walter, Jess: 47
Walton, Charles: 57
Wampler, Sawyer Ray: 74
Warren, Lauren: 37
Watts, Alex: 42
Weaver, Nakaja: 65
Wells, Makeela Johari: 59
West, Matthew : 14 , 60
White, Neil Robert: 7
Williams, Ashley: 8
Williams, Sania: 2
Williamson, Abby Gray : 67
Wilson, Fletcher Nicholas: 42
Wilson, Marshall: 48
Wisecup, Aida: 58
Woodward, Andrea: 35
Wright II, Earl: 30 , 54
Wyatt, Likita: 60
Yigit, Ismail : 45 , 74
Yucel, Deniz: 70
Zhang, Shaohu: 16